不同食用玫瑰生长特性、花品质及生理变化特征  

Growth Characteristics,Flower Quality and Psychological Changes of Different Varieties of Edible Roses

作　　者：董万鹏[1] 吴楠[1] 吴洪娥[1] 金晶[1] 周洪英[1] DONG Wanpeng;WU Nan;WU Hong’e;JIN Jing;ZHOU Hongying(Guizhou Botanical Garden,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省植物园,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2020年第8期6-11,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：贵州省林业优秀青年人才培养专项(No.黔林科合J[2018]08、No.黔林科合[2017]06);贵州省科技计划项目(No.黔科合服企[2019]4016、No.黔科合平台人才[2018]5617、No.黔科合平台人才联盟[2018]5001、No.黔科合平台人才[2018]5804、No.黔科合平台人才[2018]5635)。

摘　　要：对不同食用玫瑰生长特性、田间病虫害、产量、花品质进行了3年的引种观测,并探索了一个生长周期内不同物候期各品种生理指标的变化情况。结果表明:(1)在生长特性方面‘紫枝’、‘丰花’品种占优,具有生长快、花期较原产地提前20 d左右,产量高(8850 kg/hm^2)特点;(2)花品质‘墨红’品种占优,花朵具甜香、花朵大(d>10 cm;w=10 g),花期长(7~8 m)特点,抗氧化物质含量较高(类黄酮79.3 mg/g);(3)在病虫害抗性方面,‘丰花’占优,‘紫枝’、‘大马士革’偶感黑斑病、锈叶病,‘墨红’易感白粉病、黑斑病;(4)生理指标方面,Pro与SOD极显著相关(p=0.01,r=0.929),共同表达了抗性生理变化情况,Pro含量、SOD酶活力在花期前、花期、落叶期前呈不断上升趋势,其中‘墨红’Pro(78.4 Ug/g)、SOD(426.7 U/g)较高。可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量在花期前、花期、落叶期前呈"低—高—低"趋势,其中‘紫枝’、‘丰花’可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量在花期含量较高;保护酶系POD、CAT活力为多年生老枝>一年生枝>叶片;MDA含量则为一年生枝>叶片>多年生老枝。‘紫枝’抗虫指标PAL叶片>一年生枝>多年生老枝,PPO多年生老枝>叶片>一年生枝。Different varieties of edible roses were introduced for planting,and their growth,yield and flower quality as well as their attack by field pests and diseases were observed for 3 years in a row to explore the changes of their physiological indexes at different phenophases.The results showed that Rosa rugosa‘Zizhi’and R.hybrida‘Floribunda’had better growth performance with fast growth,early flowering(about 20 d earlier than those in the place of origin)and high yield(8850 kg·ha^-1).The flowers of R.chinensis‘Crimson Glory’had better quality and they were sweet and large(d>10 cm;w=10 g)with,a longer flowering period(7~8 m),and higher antioxidant content(flavonoid content,79.3 mg·g^-1).‘Floribunda’had the highest resistance to pests and diseases,‘Zizhi’and R.damascene were occasionally infected with black spot and rust leaf diseases,and‘Crimson Glory’was susceptible to powdery mildew and black spot.The proline(Pro)content was significantly correlated with SOD activity(p=0.01,r=0.929).Pro content and SOD activity jointly expressed the physiological changes of the resistance.All the rose varieties showed a rising trend in SOD activity and Pro content before flowering,at flowering and before leaf fall,of which‘Crimson Glory’was the highest in SOD activity and Pro content.The contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar showed a tendency of,"low-high-low"before flowering,at flowering and before leaf fall,and‘Zizhi’and‘Foribunda’contained higher soluble protein and soluble sugar at flowering.The activities of protective enzymes POD and CAT in different parts of the plants were in the order of perennial branches>1 year old branches>leaves.The MDA content was in the order of 1 year old branches>leaves>perennial branches.The insect resistance index PAL of‘Zizhi’was in the order of leaves>1 year old branches>perennial branches,and the PPO in the order of perennial branches>leaves>1 year old branches.

关 键 词：生长特性 花品质 抗病性 生理变化 

分 类 号：S602.2[农业科学—园艺学]