咖啡与茶远缘嫁接接合部组织形态解剖学研究  

The Anatomic Observation of Structure of Tissues in the Union Part of Distant Graftings Between Tea and Coffee

作　　者：彭文书 曾胤 刘聪 龚婉莹 严亮 季爱兵 PENG Wenshu;ZENG Yin;LIU Cong;GONG Wanying;YAN Liang;JI Aibing(College of Pu’er Tea,West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences,Pu'er,Yunnan 665000,China;Pu’er Tea Research Institute,Pu'er,Yunnan 665000,China)

机构地区：[1]滇西应用技术大学普洱茶学院,云南普洱665000 [2]普洱茶研究院,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2020年第8期24-31,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：云南省科技厅重点研发计划科技入滇专项—茶与咖啡的远缘嫁接研究(No.2017IB039)。

摘　　要：为培育"咖啡茶"新品种,富集茶叶和咖啡中的健康元素,规避两者的有害物质,选择5年生‘铁皮卡’咖啡树作为砧木,5年生‘短节白毫’茶树枝条作为接穗,用劈接法(切接法)和芽接法通过接穗或接芽开展3轮次2个批次的嫁接试验;分别选用植物组织胶、医用组织胶水、IAA、NAA等试剂处理嫁接伤口,用套袋法和常规嫁接作对照共嫁接穗条300余穗、穗芽300余穗;选择37对与嫁接品种相同的1年生茶树和咖啡树进行靠接试验,观察其植物学特征;对茶树和咖啡树的成熟茎、嫩叶、嫩芽、嫩茎等进行了组织切片,另外对嫩叶、嫩芽、嫩茎进行了电镜扫描;利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定了靠接材料的叶中茶多酚和咖啡碱含量。结果表明:经过多轮次嫁接试验,茶与咖啡的远缘嫁接不能存活;芽接法一般存活一个月左右,穗接法部分能存活6个月,约有20%的穗条出现假活现象,最长存活11个月,新长出的芽叶或嫩枝明显小于母株;观察发现,茶树与咖啡树的组织结构差异明显,远缘嫁接的新生嫩茎比原生嫩茎的细胞强度差,细胞腔间隙大。To cultivate new varieties of"coffee tea",enrich the health elements in the tea and coffee,and avoid the harmful substances of them.Root stocks of 5-year-old coffee tree of coffee Typica(Coffea arabica var Typica)were grafted with scions of 5-year-old tea tree of tea Duanjiebaihao(Camellia sinensis var.assamica cv.Duanjiebaihao)for three rounds of grafting and two batches of scions by cleft grafting and budding.Plant tissue glue,medical tissue glue,IAA,NAA and other reagents were selected for treatments of grafting wounds.Conventional grafting with bagging for treatment of grafting wound was used as control.A total of more than 300 scions for grafting and 300 scions for budding were used for grafting.At the same time,37 pairs of one-year-old tea and coffee trees of the same variety were side grafted to observe their botanical characteristics.The tender leaves,shoots and stems and mature stems of the tea and coffee trees were sectioned of observation.In addition,the tissue sections of the tender leaves,shoots and stems were scanned for observation by using electron microscopy.The contents of tea polyphenols and caffeine in the leaves of the side graftings were determined by using HPLC.The results showed that after multiple rounds of grafting experiments,the distant graftings of tea and coffee trees failed to survive.Buddings generally survived for about one month,and some of the scion graftings survived for six months.About 20%of the scions appeared to be sprouting,and they survived for 11 months at most,with newly emerging buds,leaves or shoots being much smaller than those of their mother plants.The observations showed that the tea and coffee trees were obviously different in tissue structure,and that the newly-emerging tender stems of the distant graftings had a lower cell strength and larger cell cavity than the original young stems.

关 键 词：‘铁皮卡’咖啡 ‘短节白毫’ 远缘嫁接 组织结构 

分 类 号：S571.2[农业科学—作物学]