恩格斯晚年书信中的法学方法论思想研究  

A Study of the Legal Methodology in Engels'Letters in His Later Years

作　　者：任岳鹏[1] Ren Yuepeng

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学法学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2020年第4期86-95,共10页Law and Modernization

摘　　要：恩格斯晚年历史唯物主义书信用马克思主义方法驳斥了资产阶级学者和德国“青年派”对马克思主义观点包括法律观点的歪曲和误解。这种法的研究的马克思主义方法表现在:要把马克思主义理论当成方法而非教条;要看到经济因素对法的发展具有“归根到底”的决定作用,同时也要看到其他上层建筑因素和法之间存在着相互影响和作用,法对经济基础具有能动的反作用,法自身形式和发展具有相对独立性;社会发展存在着客观规律,但这不是否认个人在社会合力中的作用,尤其是个人在法律斗争实践中的作用。恩格斯在信中所表达的观点和认识,是结合晚期资本主义社会的新变化及无产阶级在新条件下的斗争实践作出的。这种观点和方法不仅对后来的西方马克思主义者产生了较大影响,也对我国社会主义法治建设有重要启示。The distortion and misunderstanding of bourgeois scholars and German youth groups on Marxist views,including legal views,was refuted by Engels with the Marxist method in his letters on historical materialism in his later years.This Marxist method of legal research can be summarized as follows:Marxist theory should be regarded as a method rather than a dogma;while seeing that economic factors have an ultimate deciding effect on the development of law,we must also see that there are mutual influences between other superstructure factors and law,and the form and development of law are relatively independent;there are objective laws in social development,but this is not to deny the role of individuals in the combined force of society,especially in the practice of legal struggle.Engels'views expressed in the letters are based on new changes in the late capitalist society and the proletariat's struggle under new conditions.This method of understanding the law not only had a great impact on later Western Marxists,but also had important implications for the construction of socialist rule of law in China.

关 键 词：恩格斯晚年历史唯物主义书信 经济的最终决定性 法的相对独立性 社会合力与个人 作用 马克思主义法学方法论 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] D90[政治法律—法学理论]