土壤含水量及温度对甜龙竹提前发笋的影响及增产效应  

Effects of Soil Temperature and Water Content on the Early Germination and Yield Improvement of Dendrocalamus brandisii Bamboo Shoots

作　　者：刘蔚漪[1] 辉朝茂[1] 邹学明 王友 LIU Wei-yi;HUI Chao-mao;ZOU Xue-ming;WANG You(Engineering Research Center of Sympodial Bamboo,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China;Forestry and Grassl and Bureau of Cangyuan Wa Nationality Autonomous County,Cangyuan 677400,Yunnan,China;Yunnan College of Bussiness Management,Anning 650106,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学,丛生竹工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650224 [2]沧源佤族自治县林业和草原局,云南沧源677400 [3]云南经济管理学院,云南安宁650106

出　　处：《竹子学报》2019年第4期39-48,共10页Journal of Bamboo Research

基　　金：十三五国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0600903,2016YFD0600902,2018YFD0600103);云南省省级林业科技推广项目[2018]ts02;国家自然科学基金资助项目(31660173);“云南滇南竹林生态系统定位观测研究站”运行经费资助([2015]151)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨土壤含水量和土壤温度,以及2因素交互作用对甜龙竹发笋时间及产量的影响。方法:以甜龙竹为试验材料,设计了覆盖与灌溉次数2因素裂区试验,总共8个试验小区,每小区设计不少于30丛竹子,试验时间为2~10月,利用WatchDog土壤温湿度仪记录土壤含水量和温度。分析土壤含水量及土壤温度与发笋时间、发笋量的关系,通过收支平衡计算,探寻收益最佳的试验方案。结果:(1)土壤含水量对甜龙竹笋产量存在极显著的影响(P<0.01),甜龙竹笋产量随着土壤含水量的增加急速增加,当土壤含水量达25%时,笋产量增加趋势逐渐平缓,土壤含水量为30%~45%的时候,产量最高。(2)土壤温度对甜龙竹笋产量存在极显著的影响(P<0.01),当土壤温度在15~20℃区间内,随着土壤温度的增高,笋产量急速增加,当土壤温度达到19℃时,增产量趋于稳定。(3)试验地甜龙竹从4月中下旬开始零星发笋,比常规培育发笋时间提前2个月,7月中旬进入发笋高峰,大量发笋持续到8月下旬,最早出笋的小区7(覆盖+浇水1次/7 d),比对照小区1(对照)出笋期提前了90 d,笋期延长3倍。(4)通过收支平衡计算,小区7的收入最高,为180428.91元·hm^-2,比小区1高出80%。结论:覆盖加灌溉对甜龙竹提前出笋具有非常显著的作用,覆盖后的试验小区要比不覆盖的试验小区效益高,浇水的试验小区比不浇水的试验小区效益高,通过收支平衡计算,小区7最值得推广应用。To investigate the effects of soil temperature and water content and their interaction on the sprouting time and yield of Dendrocalamus brandisii shoots,a two-factor split zone test,including 8 test zones with various coverage and irrigation times,was designed.In each zone,there grew at least 30 clusters of bamboo,the test was conducted from February to October.The soil water content and temperature were recorded by using the WatchDog soil water monitoring system.The response of the sprouting time and number of bamboo shoots to soil water content and temperature were analyzed,and the best economic efficiency experimental scheme was explored by calculating the balance of income and expenditure.The results showed that the soil water content had a significant effect on the yield of D.brandisii shoots(P<0.01).The yield of bamboo shoots increased rapidly as the soil water content increased,the increase became gradual,when the soil water content reached 25%,and it reached the highest when the soil water content was 30%-45%.The yield of shoots increased significantly with the increase of soil temperature in the range of 15-20℃(P<0.01),and tended to be stable once the soil temperature reached 19℃.In the test zone,D.brandisii bamboo shoot started to sprout sporadically since mid-April,two months earlier than the conventional cultivation.It entered the sprouting peak of shoots from the middle of July to the late August.In the test zone#7(covering+watering 1 time/7 days),the shoots sprouted 90 days earlier than the control zone#1,and the sprouting period was three times longer than the control.According to the balance calculation of income and expenditure,the income of test zone#7 was the highest one,which was 180428.91 yuan/hm^2,it was 80%higher than the control.In sum,the coverage and irrigation had significant effects on the earlier emergence of bamboo shoots.The economic efficiency of the test zone with coverage was higher than the non-covered one,and that with irrigation was higher than the control.The test zone#7(

关 键 词：甜龙竹 覆盖 地温 土壤含水量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S795.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种]