噪声性聋发生机制及药物防治研究进展  

Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and the Preventive and Treatment Medicines

作　　者：石磊[1] 朱玉华[1] 于宁[1] 杨仕明[1] SHI Lei;ZHU Yu-hua;YU Ning;YANG Shi-ming

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医学部,国家耳鼻咽喉疾病临床医学研究中心,聋病教育部重点实验室,聋病防治北京市重点实验室,北京100853

出　　处：《中国听力语言康复科学杂志》2020年第5期358-362,共5页Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目(81820108009);解放军总医院军事医学青年专项(QNC19051);国家重点研发项目(2020YFC2004001)。

摘　　要：噪声暴露会产生听力的暂时性阈移或永久性阈移,造成噪声性耳聋(Noise-induced Hearing Loss,NIHL)。研究表明许多机制可能会引起内耳毛细胞、突触、螺旋神经节细胞的损伤,引发噪声性聋,包括机械损伤、代谢损伤、微循环障碍、易感基因等,代谢损伤学说中又包括氧化应激、钙超载、炎症因子、谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺兴奋毒性损伤等。近些年来,噪声污染不断加重,鉴于个人防噪声装备性能的限制,防治药物的研发便迫在眉睫。针对以上机制研发的新型药物也层出不穷,这为预防及治疗内耳毛细胞、突触、螺旋神经节细胞的损伤提供了更多可能,本文对NIHL病理机制及药物防治进展进行综述。Noise exposure can cause temporary or permanent threshold shift,resulting in Noise-induced Hearing Loss(NIHL).Studies have shown that many mechanisms may cause the damage of hair cells,synapses and spiral ganglion cells and lead to NIHL,including mechanical damage,metabolic damage,microcirculation disorder,susceptibility genes,etc.The theory of metabolic damage includes oxidative stress,calcium overload,inflammatory factors,glutamate glutamine excitotoxicity injury,etc.In recent years,the noise pollution is increasing.In view of the limitation of the performance of personal protective equipment,the preventive and control medicines become urgent.Many new medicines are developed,which provides more possibilities for the protection of inner ear hair cells,synapses and spiral ganglion cells.This paper reviews the pathological mechanism and medicines refer to prevention and treatment of NIHL.

关 键 词：噪声性聋 发病机制 药物防治 

分 类 号：R764.433[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]