经验论与唯理论对“天赋观念”的论争  

Controversy between“Empiricism”and“Rationalism”on“Innate Ideas”

作　　者：李易坪 王增福 LI Yiping;WANG Zengfu(School of Public Administration,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014;School of Marxism,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学公共管理学院,山东济南250014 [2]山东师范大学马克思主义学院,山东济南250358

出　　处：《济宁学院学报》2020年第4期47-52,共6页Journal of Jining University

摘　　要：在西方哲学史上,对认识论问题的探求和回答构成了近代欧洲哲学的主旋律,而这一主旋律清晰地凸显出经验论与唯理论的对立、分歧和论争。二者之所以产生分歧和论争,根源于他们对认识源起和认识本质这一基本问题存在截然不同的观点。他们对这一问题的论争线索大致可展现为笛卡尔从普遍怀疑出发提出“天赋观念”,洛克凭借其“白板说”强烈驳斥笛卡尔的“天赋观念”,而莱布尼茨为维护唯理论基本立场对洛克思想进行反批判,同时也对笛卡尔的“天赋观念”进行完善。对这一基本问题回答的不同、分歧和论争直接导致了他们在之后认识的可能和认识标准等其它一系列认识论问题上有所区别。理清二者在认识论基本问题上的观点及其倾向,是彻底理解近代欧洲哲学的关键与根本之所在。In the western philosophical history,the exploration and answer to the problem of epistemology constitute the main theme of modern European philosophy,and this main theme clearly highlights the opposition,difference as well as controversy between empiricism and rationalism.The reason why the two will have differences and controversies is attributed to their distinct viewpoints on the basic problems of epistemology of the origin of cognition and the nature of cognition.Their argument on this issue can be roughly shown as Descartes’s"Innate Ideas"based on universal doubt.Locke strongly refuted Descartes’s"Innate Ideas"depending on his"Theory of Tabula Rasa",and Leibniz anti-criticized Locke’s thought in order to defend the basic standpoint of Rationalism.The different answers,differences,and controversies to this basic question directly lead to differences in the problems of epistemology,such as the possibility of cognition and the standard of cognition.The foundation of understanding modern European philosophy is to clarify the views and tendencies of both on the basic issues of epistemology.

关 键 词：认识源起 “天赋观念” 认识本质 探寻真知 

分 类 号：B015[哲学宗教—哲学理论]