膜下滴灌追肥时期和次数对花生光合特性和产量的影响  

Effect of Topdressing Stage and Times on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Peanut under Film-mulched Drip Irrigation

作　　者：郭润泽 秦文洁 邹晓霞 张晓军 于晓娜 王月福 司彤 GUO Run-ze;QIN Wen-jie;ZOU Xiao-xia;ZHANG Xiao-jun;YU Xiao-na;WANG Yue-fu;SI Tong(College of Agronomy/Key Lab.of Dry Farming Technology in Shandong,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学院/山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《花生学报》2020年第3期32-39,共8页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201000);山东省农业良种工程项目(2017LZGC003);山东省花生现代产业技术体系(SDAIT04-05)。

摘　　要：为确定膜下滴灌适宜的追肥时期和次数,在大田条件下,以青花7号为供试材料,在花生生育期施肥总量不变的情况下,设置等量施肥量下不同生育时期追施试验,研究膜下滴灌追肥时期和次数对花生光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明:各时期追肥均有利于提高花生叶片光合性能并增加产量。就追肥时期而言,追肥效果为花针期>结荚期>饱果期;就追肥次数而言,分次追肥效果优于1次追肥,即在3个追肥时期中,追肥时期越早、前期追肥量越大和分次追肥越有利于促进花生叶面积指数、叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率的提高,而分次追肥既有利于提高花生生育前期叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和光合速率,又能缓解生育后期叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和光合速率的下降。追肥通过提高百果质量、百仁质量、单株荚果数和出仁率而提高荚果产量和籽仁产量,而分2次追肥提高产量幅度最大,分3次追肥提高产量幅度反而下降。因此,本研究表明花针期和结荚期追肥有利于花生产量提高。In order to determine the suitable topdressing stage and times of topdressing under film-mulched drip irrigation condition,a field experiment of drip irrigation using Qinghua7 as experimental peanut cultivar was carried out.The effects of drip irrigation and topdressing stage and times on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut were examined.The results indicated that topdressing could improve the photosynthetic performance of peanut leaves and increase the yield.In terms of the topdressing stage,the effects of topdressing in the flowering-pegging period showed better effects than those in pod-bearing period and pod-filling period.In terms of fertilizer times,fertilizer more times was better than once only,namely in the period of thrice fertilizer,the earlier time and the greater amount of fertilizer application,it was more benefit to promote the peanut leaf area index,leaf chlorophyll content and the photosynthetic rate.Fertilization for two times not only could improve peanut leaf area index,chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in early stage,but could also alleviate the decline of the leaf area index,chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in late growth stage.Topdressing could increase the pod yield and kernel yield by increasing the hundred fruit mass,hundred kernel mass,pod number per plant and kernel percentage,while twice topdressing showed the best effects on the yield increase,while thrice topdressing could decrease the yield increment.It is suggested that topdressing in the stages of flowering-pegging and pod-bearing is suitable for peanut production.

关 键 词：花生 膜下滴灌 追肥 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S565.206.2[农业科学—作物学] S275.6