膜下滴灌追肥对花生生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Topdressing under Mulch Drip Irrigation on Growth,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Peanut

作　　者：丁红[1] 张冠初[1] 石程仁 徐扬 慈敦伟[1] 袁光 秦斐斐[1] 姜常松 张智猛[1] DING Hong;ZHANG Guan-chu;SHI Cheng-ren;XU Yang;CI Dun-wei;YUAN Guang;QIN Fei-fei;JIANG Chang-song;ZHANG Zhi-meng(Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Haiyang Agricultural Technology Extension Centre,Haiyang 265100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830056 [3]山东省海阳市农业技术推广中心,山东海阳265100

出　　处：《花生学报》2020年第3期46-51,共6页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201000);山东省农业科学院创新工程(CXGC2018B05);山东省重大科技创新工程(2019JZZY010702);山东省现代农业产业技术体系花生创新团队(SDAIT-04-06)。

摘　　要：为探索膜下滴灌条件下花生花针期最适的施肥量,以花育25号为材料,在同一灌水量水平下设3个追肥处理,分别为尿素45 kg·hm-2和磷酸二氢钾60 kg·hm-2(T1)、尿素67.5 kg·hm-2和磷酸二氢钾90 kg·hm-2(T2)、尿素90 kg·hm-2和磷酸二氢钾120 kg·hm-2(T3)。研究不同处理对花生生长发育、光合特性和产量品质的影响。结果表明,花针期追肥可显著降低花生营养器官生物量,增加花生经济产量,提高收获指数,增加花生结荚期和饱果成熟期叶片的叶绿素含量、蒸腾速率和净光合速率。膜下滴灌追肥处理能增加花生百果质量、百仁质量及出仁率,提高花生籽仁脂肪、油酸含量与油酸亚油酸比值(O/L)。因此,花生产量的提高,主要是通过提高单株有效结果数、荚果饱满程度及提高单果质量实现的。花生荚果产量随着追肥量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,T2处理产量最高。综合考虑产量增加收益及肥料投入成本,在本试验条件下,膜下滴灌T1和T2处理是达到高产高效的追肥措施。The aim of this study was to determine the suitable amount of topdressing in peanut flowering-pegging period.The peanut variety Huayu25 was planted under the field condition.Three topdressing treatments were set as:urea 45 kg/ha+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60 kg/ha(T1),urea 67.5 kg/ha+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 90 kg/ha(T2),urea 90 kg/ha and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 120 kg/ha(T3)under the same water level of irrigation.The growth,photosynthetic characteristics,yield and seed quality of peanut were studied under different topdressing treatments.The results showed that the treatment of drip irrigation under mulch significantly reduced the biomass of vegetative organs,increased the economic yield and the harvest index of peanut.The chlorophyll content,transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate of peanut leaves were increased at podsetting and pod-filling stages under mulch drip irrigation and topdressing treatment.The 100 pod mass,100 kernel mass and kernel rate were increased under topdressing treatments.The content of fat and oleic acid in peanut kernel and the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid(O/L)were also increased.The results showed that the increase of peanut yield was mainly achieved by increasing the number of effective pod per plant,the degree of plumpness of pod and the mass of single pod.The pod yield of peanut increased first and then decreased with the amount increase of topdressing,and reached the maximum value under T2 treatment.Considering the increase of yield and the cost of fertilizer input,the treatment of T1 and T2 under mulch drip irrigation were the optimal fertilization treatments to achieve high yield and high efficiency.

关 键 词：花生 膜下滴灌 追肥 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S565.206.2[农业科学—作物学] S275.6