股骨假体材料对人工膝关节置换性能的影响  

Effects of femoral prosthetic materials on artificial knee arthroplasty performance

作　　者：贾巍 张满栋 陈维毅 王晨艳 郭媛 Jia Wei;Zhang Mandong;Chen Weiyi;Wang Chenyan;Guo Yuan(College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi Province,China;College of Biomedical Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院,山西省太原市030024 [2]太原理工大学生物医学工程学院,山西省太原市030024

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2021年第10期1477-1481,共5页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(11772214),项目负责人:郭媛。

摘　　要：背景:股骨假体无菌松动是影响膝关节置换后寿命的重要问题之一,高分子聚乙烯衬垫磨损产生的颗粒和应力遮挡是引起这种松动的主要原因,均与股骨假体材料有关。目的:采用有限元法分析股骨假体材料对膝关节股骨远端应力和胫骨衬垫上接触压力的影响,方法:利用Abaqus有限元软件分别建立钛合金、钴铬合金、钛-羟基磷灰石功能梯度生物材料(FGBMⅠ)、钛-生物活性玻璃功能梯度生物材料(FGBMⅡ)4种材料的膝关节置换模型,赋予假体不同材料属性,研究股骨假体在不同材料下股骨中重要易损路径的应力分布情况和胫骨衬垫上的接触压力变化。结果与结论:①与钛合金和钴铬合金相比,功能梯度生物材料(FGBM)可明显增大股骨-假体界面处应力和股骨重要易损区域路径中的应力,其中以FGBMⅠ增加最显著;②接触压力云图显示,FGBMⅠ、FGBMⅡ假体在聚乙烯衬垫的最大应力比钴铬合金假体分别降低了20.41%和19.98%,比钛合金假体分别降低了20.07%和19.63%;③结果表明,功能梯度生物材料可在股骨远端产生更高的应力,同时在聚乙烯衬垫上产生更小的接触压力,减少应力遮挡和聚乙烯衬垫磨损,且FGBMⅠ功能梯度材料效果显著。BACKGROUND: Aseptic loosening of the femoral prosthesis is one of the important issues affecting the life of knee joint replacement. Particles from tibial polyethylene component wear and stress shielding are the main causes of this loosening, which are all related to the femoral prosthesis materials.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of femoral prosthesis materials on the stress of the distal femur of the knee joint and the contact pressure on the polyethylene component by finite element method.METHODS: Knee arthroplasty models with four materials, titanium alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy, titanium-hydroxyapatite functional gradient biomaterial(FGBM I), titanium-bioactive glass functional gradient biomaterial(FGBM II), were established;the prosthesis was endowed with different material properties in the Abaqus finite element software. The stress distribution of the important vulnerable path in the femur and the changes of contact pressure on the polyethylene component under different materials were studied.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the currently used titanium alloy and cobalt-chromium alloy, functional gradient biomaterials could significantly increase the stress at the femoral-prosthetic interface and the stress in the pathway of an important vulnerable region of the femur. In those materials, FGBM I increased most significantly.(2) Maximum stress of FGBM I and FGBM II prostheses on polyethylene insert was 20.41% and 19.98% lower than cobalt-chromium alloy, 20.07% and 19.63% lower than titanium alloy.(3) The results showed that functionally gradient biomaterials could produce higher stress at the distal end of the femur and lower contact pressure on the polyethylene insert, reducing the wear and stress shield on polyethylene insert, and FGBM I has significant effects.

关 键 词：骨 假体 3D 生物材料 有限元 膝关节 无菌松动 接触压力 股骨假体 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R-331[医药卫生—临床医学]