胰岛移植物封装水凝胶材料研究的重点和应用优势  

Research focus and application advantages in encapsulating biomaterial for islet transplantation

作　　者：柏雪 王彬 何斯荣 Bai Xue;Wang Bin;He Sirong(Department of Immunology,College of Basic Medicine,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学基础医学院免疫学教研室,重庆市400016

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2021年第10期1585-1591,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81500590),项目参与者:何斯荣;重庆市自然科学基金项目(cstc2017jcyjAX0267),项目参与者:何斯荣;重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN201800418),项目参与者:何斯荣。

摘　　要：背景:近年研究表明,用天然或合成材料将胰岛移植物封装起来在移植物表面形成一个具有免疫隔离功能的屏障,不仅能在一定程度上减少免疫抑制剂的全身使用,而且能让异种来源的胰岛成为临床移植供源。目的:介绍胰岛移植封装材料的研究进展,描述几种胰岛封装模型,并讨论当前的研究重点和未来的发展趋势。方法:由第一作者以"islet encapsulation,islet transplantation biomaterials,islet transplantation hydrogel"为关键词,检索PubMed、Web of Science数据库中相关文献。初检测文章447篇,筛选后纳入89篇。结果与结论:用水凝胶包裹胰岛进行胰岛移植主要有2方面不足:一是受体免疫排斥反应的攻击,二是内部氧供和营养运输的不足。单独使用合成或天然生物材料封装胰岛并不能很好地解决这2个问题,所以必须对生物材料进行修饰。目前的胰岛水凝胶模型都倾向于将合成生物材料和天然生物材料联合起来,充分发挥它们的优势。除此之外,一些免疫调节药物、促血管生成因子或促胰岛生长相关因子等也可以加入到生物材料中,并且可以联合其他细胞共移植。如何巧妙地运用多种策略来解决上述问题是未来研究的关键。BACKGROUND: Currently, it was confirmed that encapsulating islets with natural or synthetic biomaterials to form a barrier with the function of immune isolation can not only reduce the systematic use of immunosuppressive agents to a certain extent, but also make heterogenous islet transplantation possible. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the research progress of the biomaterials for islet transplantation, describe several models for encapsulating islet, and eventually discuss current research focus and prospects of islets encapsulating models. METHODS: The authors searched PubMed and Web of Science databases with the search terms "islet encapsulation, islet transplantation biomaterials, islet transplantation hydrogel" for relevant papers published. Initially, a total of 447 papers were retrieved, and 89 of them were included in the final analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are two main deficiencies in islet encapsulation for transplantation: one is the attack of immune rejection by the recipient;the other is the shortage of supply of oxygen and nutrient. Encapsulation of islet with a single material, synthetic or natural biomaterial, cannot address the two issues mentioned above. Herein, the biomaterial used for islet encapsulation must be modified. Current islet hydrogel models tend to combine synthetic biomaterials with natural biomaterials to take full advantage of the two kinds of biomaterials. In addition, immune-regulating drugs, angiogenic factors, or factors promoting the survival or function of islets can also be incorporated into the biomaterial. Besides, other cells can be involved to co-transplant with islets in the hydrogel. How to incorporate various strategies for addressing the above issues properly is the key of future research.

关 键 词：材料 胰岛移植 封装材料 糖尿病 聚乙二醇 水凝胶 免疫隔离 生物因子 血管化 综述 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R-1[医药卫生—临床医学]