金沙江白格滑坡堰塞坝溃决洪水灾害调查与致灾浅析  

Field Investigation and Analysis on Flood Disasters due to Baige Landslide Dam Break in Jinsha River

作　　者：张新华[1] 薛睿瑛 王明 余志球 李冰冻[1] 王波[1] ZHANG Xinhua;XUE Ruiying;WANG Ming;YU Zhiqiu;LI Bingdong;WANG Bo(State Key Lab.of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng.,Sichuan Univ.,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学,水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065

出　　处：《工程科学与技术》2020年第5期89-100,共12页Advanced Engineering Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1505004);国家自然科学基金项目(51879174,51579162)。

摘　　要：2018年10月10日和11月3日,西藏自治区江达县波罗乡白格村金沙江右岸同一位置先后两次发生滑坡堵江事件并形成了巨大的堰塞湖,其堰塞坝分别通过自然泄流和人工开挖泄流槽两种处置方式溃决。其中,第2次滑坡堰塞坝的溃决洪水给下游西藏、四川和云南3省(自治区)受灾范围内的道路、桥梁、耕地和房屋造成了巨大破坏。为了应对类似的极端、超常规、特大堰塞坝溃决洪水威胁以及相关的基础性研究需要,课题组于2018年12月21日至29日对这次金沙江白格堰塞湖溃决洪水的下游受灾情况进行了考察调研。考察以受灾最为严重的巴塘县巴曲河与金沙江的交汇口为起点,直至洪水威胁基本消除的梨园水库库区为终点的沿江共计488.6 km受灾河段为主。考察重点为沿岸房屋、道路、桥梁和水利基础设施等受损情况,并对溃决洪水的最大淹没水位(洪痕)、考察时的河道水位、河道两岸堆积的泥沙及其颗粒级配、桥梁致灾水位等进行分析,得到了一些有价值的灾情数据与成果,具体包括溃决洪水实测水面线、卵石及泥沙粒径级配以及估算桥梁致灾水位的经验公式,并初步分析了堰塞湖溃决洪水对桥梁的水毁影响,这些成果可为进一步的基础性研究提供一定的数据和技术支撑。On October 10 and November 3,2018,at the right bank of Jinsha River in Baige village,Boluo town,Jiangda County,Tibet autonomous region experienced two landslides and the consequent river blocking events,forming a huge landslide lake.The landslide dam broke after two disposal methods which are natural discharge and man-made excavation of the discharge channel.Among them,the second flooding due to the landslide dam break caused great damage to the roads,bridges,farmland and houses within the affected downstream areas of Tibet,Sichuan and Yunnan provinces.In order to deal with the unconventional and extraordinary flood threat of a similar large landslide dam break,and also for a relevant fundamental research,our research team conducted a field investigation on the disaster of flooding suffered by the Baige landslide dam break from December 21 to 29,2018.The investigation started from the intersection of Baqu River and the Jinsha River in Batang County,the most severely affected area,and ended at Liyuan reservoir,where the flood threat basically disappeared.The total length of the investigation along Jinsha River is 488.6 km,and the focuses of field investigation are on the damage status of the houses,roads,bridges and water related infrastructures along the river banks.The maximum inundated water level or flood level marks due to the dam-break flooding,the water level during the investigation,the sediment accumulation on both sides of the Jinsha river and its sediment gradation,and the water level causing the damage of the bridges are analyzed accordingly.Valuable disaster-related data and results are obtained,which can provide a useful support for further theoretical studies of dam-break flooding.

关 键 词：滑坡堰塞坝 白格 金沙江 溃决洪水 灾害调查 

分 类 号：TV135[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]