月球探测进展与国际月球科研站  

Overview of lunar exploration and International Lunar Research Station

作　　者：裴照宇 刘继忠 王倩 康焱 邹永廖 张熇[3] 张玉花[4] 贺怀宇[5] 王琼 杨瑞洪 王伟 马继楠[3] Zhaoyu Pei;Jizhong Liu;Qian Wang;Yan Kang;Yongliao Zou;He Zhang;Yuhua Zhang;Huaiyu He;Qiong Wang;Ruihong Yang;Wei Wang;Jinan Ma(Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center,China National Space Administration,Beijing 100190,China;National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Beijing Aerospace Vehicle Design Department,Beijing 100094,China;Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology,Shanghai 201108,China;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国国家航天局探月与航天工程中心,北京100190 [2]中国科学院国家空间科学中心,北京100190 [3]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [4]上海航天技术研究院,上海201108 [5]中国科学院地质与地球物理所,北京100029

出　　处：《科学通报》2020年第24期2577-2586,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFE0202100);民用航天技术预先研究项目(D020206)资助。

摘　　要：月球作为地球唯一的天然卫星,因其独一无二的位置资源、极具特点的环境资源、丰富的物质资源,是人类进行空间探测和开发利用太空的首选目标.地月系是太阳系探测的试验场,月球是迈向更远深空的中转站.月球科学研究对推动空间科学发展具有重要作用.月球资源开发利用对人类的可持续发展具有重要意义.近年来,我国月球探测取得了举世瞩目的成就,在完成"绕落回"三步走后,必将以更好地服务于月球科学探测和资源开发利用为目标,增进人类科学认知,拓展人类生存空间,服务人类社会可持续发展.本文梳理和评述了国内外月球探测发展现状与发展趋势,归纳了未来月球探测所涉及的主要任务、前沿科学问题和关键技术,提出我国月球探测发展建议.月球探测是建设航天强国的重要标志,当前我国正从航天大国迈向航天强国,在月球探测方面应该有大国思维,保持战略定力,继续发挥优势,牵头组织国际月球科研站大科学工程.As the only natural satellite of the Earth,the Moon is the first target for human space exploration,due to its unique location,highly characteristic environmental resources and abundant material resources.The Earth-Moon system is the proving ground for the exploration of the solar system,and the Moon is a transit point towards farther deep space.Lunar science plays an important role in promoting the development of space science.The development and utilization of lunar resources is of great significance to the sustainable development of mankind.In recent years,China’s lunar exploration has achieved remarkable achievements.After completing the three steps strategy of"orbiting,landing and sample return",it will aim to better serve the lunar scientific exploration and in situ resource utilization(ISRU),to enhance human scientific cognition and expand Human living space,and to serve the sustainable development of human society.This paper reviews the status and trend of Chinese and international lunar exploration,and summarizes the main tasks,cutting-edge scientific questions and key technologies involved in future lunar exploration and puts forward recommendations for the development of the Chinese lunar exploration.Driven by lunar scientific exploration and lunar ISRU,the International Lunar Research Station(ILRS)aims to create infrastructure and shared platforms for solving key space science questions,effectively using lunar resources,and developing the Earth-Moon Economic Circle.In this article,the main mission requirements,and functional architecture of the station are analyzed.A three-step construction plan is proposed,involving(1)making good use of planned missions;(2)coordinating home and abroad missions;and(3)seeking for joint missions.In the first stage,relying on series missions of the fourth phase of China Lunar Exploration Program,we will carry out international cooperation and build up the basic type of the ILRS with capabilities of exploration under a long-term scale and complex environmental condition

关 键 词：月球探测 月球资源利用 国际合作 国际月球科研站 月球基地 

分 类 号：V476.3[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]