高山积雪:母亲河之源——积雪分布时空演化的多物理过程、多尺度研究  

Mountain snow:The source of the mother river--Study of multi-scale and multi-physical process of spatio-temporal evolution of snow distribution

作　　者：黄宁[1] 李广[1,2,3] HUANG Ning;LI Guang(Collge of Civil Engineering and Mechanics/Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Western Disaster and Environment,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Architecture,Civil and Environmental Engineering,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,Lausanne 1015,Switzerland)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学土木工程与力学学院,西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]兰州大学大气科学学院,兰州730000 [3]洛桑联邦理工学院建筑,土木与环境工程学院,瑞士洛桑1015

出　　处：《科技导报》2020年第17期10-22,共13页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：“第二次青藏科考研究”国家专项(2019QZKK020611);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41931179);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(lzujbky-2020-pd11)。

摘　　要：雪是地球上最为活跃的自然要素之一,是组成极地冰盖和高山冰川的重要物质来源,同时也是地表径流的主要补给。积雪的时空分布和演变深刻影响着全球的水文循环,生态系统、气候演化以及其他自然过程,在高寒山区水文过程中扮演着重要的角色。高山积雪与冰川融水是黄河源头水源补给的主要形式,因此亟需开展黄河源区积雪水资源综合科学研究,在准确评估黄河源区水资源现状及其变化规律和发展趋势的基础上提出科学合理的保护和开发黄河水资源的策略。积雪分布研究涉及大气湍流与颗粒相互作用等具有挑战性的科学前沿及热点问题,以及多场耦合.多尺度等科学共性问题,还涉及力学学科与地理学、大气物理,气候变化等相关学科的交叉问题。目前对积雪分布的研究手段包括野外观测.遥感反演和基于动力学过程的模式研究。鉴于前两种手段的局限性,开展多物理过程,多尺度、多场耦合的积雪分布时空演化模拟已成为积雪水资源研究的重要手段之一。介绍了积雪分布研究现状及进展,指出了面临的挑战以及下一步研究方向。Snow is one of the most active elements on the earth,which is an important mass source of polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers,as well as a main supply for the runofE.Is distribution and evolution have a great impact on global hydrological cycle,ecosystem,climate evolution and other natural processes,and play a significant role in hydrological process in alpine mountain area.Melt water from mountain snow and glacier is the main form of water supply at the source of the Yellow River.Therefore,it is urgent to carry out a comprehensive scientific research on snow water resources in the source area of the Yellow River,and further to put forward scientific and reasonable stralegies for protecting and developing the Yellow River water resources,based on the accurate assessment of the current status of water resources in the source area of the Yellow River and its variation trends.The research on snow distribution involves challenging and hot scientific frontiers issues like the interaction of atmospheric turbulence and particles,common scientific issues such as muli-field coupling and muli-scale,as well as cross-cutting issues between mechanics and geography,atmospheric physics,climate change and other related disciplines.Current research methods for snow distribution include field observation,remote sensing inversion and model research based on dynamic processes.As for the limitations of the first two methods,it has become one of the important methods for snow water resources research to carry out the muli-physical process,multi-scale,muli-field coupling simulation of the spatio-temporal evolution of snow distribution.This paper focuses on introducing the research status and progress of snow distribution,and pointing out the challenges and future research trends.

关 键 词：积雪水资源 时空演化 风吹雪 降雪 雪升华 

分 类 号：P426.635[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]