青藏高原退化草地恢复的制约因子及修复技术  

Analysis of the main constraints and restoration techniques of degraded grassland on the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：贺金生 刘志鹏[1] 姚拓 孙书存[4] 吕植[5] 胡小文[1] 曹广民 吴新卫[4] 李黎[5] 卜海燕 朱剑霄 HE Jin-Sheng;LIU Zhipeng;YAO Tuo;SUN Shucun;LU Zhi;HU Xiaowen;CAO Guangmin;WU Xinwei;LI Li;BU Haiyan;ZHU Jianxiao(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and RuralAffairs,College of Pastoral Agrioulture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanahou 730000 China;Department of Ecology,College of Urban and Environmental Science,Peking University,Bijing 100871,China;College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;School of Life Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China;Center for Nature and Society,School of Life Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Key Laboratory of Adaplation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001,China;State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems,School of Life Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 73000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院生态学系,北京100871 [3]甘肃农业大学草业学院,兰州730070 [4]南京大学生命科学学院,南京210093 [5]北京大学生命科学学院,北京大学自然保护与社会发展研究中心,北京100871 [6]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所高原适应与进化重点实验室,西宁810001 [7]兰州大学生命科学学院,草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《科技导报》2020年第17期66-80,共15页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFCO507700)。

摘　　要：分析了退化高寒草地恢复的主要制约因素,包括植物种源、土壤微生物、土壤养分和人文因素;提出了针对这些制约因素的退化高寒草地恢复的主要途径:(1)研发乡土草种子采集,扩繁、包衣等技术,不同乡土草种种子组配及免耕补播技术,解决种源制约;(2)筛选适用于退化草地恢复的复合微生物菌种并研发菌剂,解决退化草地恢复的微生物制约;(3)研发以土壤养分调控为基础的植被恢复技术,解决退化草地恢复的土壤制约;(4)构建基于牧民新技术应用的草地适应性管理模式。分析认为,基于乡土草种、微生物、养分调控为主的物源途径的“近自然恢复”,有潜力成为青藏高原退化草地恢复的有效措施。Various types of restoration approaches are currently adopted to restore the degraded grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,including fencing off grasslands,establishing artificial grasslands,adding nutrients and no-tillage sowing.Although they have played an important role in the process of alpine grassland restoration,a syslematic analysis of the key factors and techniques(i.e,physical,chemical and biological factors related to plant and soil)that constrain the restoration of degraded alpine grasslands is still lacking.Here,we review the key factors constraining restoration of degraded alpine grasslands,including seed provenance,soilmicroorganisms,soil nutrients and local culture.Furthermore,we propose a heuristic framework to combine a suit of approaches to deal with these key factors in the alpine grassland restoration practices.Specifically,the heuristic framework will 1)develop techniques for seed collction and multiplication of native grasses,seed coating,optimal combination of a range of native species,and no-tillage sowing;2)screen compound mierobial species suitable for degraded grassland restoration and develop microbial agents to reduce the constraints of soil microorganism;3)develop vegetation restoration techniques tailored to soil nutrient regulation in order to deal with the constraint on soil;4)develop adaptive management based on application of new techniques tailored to Tibetan herders.Therefore,we propose"close-to-ature"recovery restoration,a novel restoration measure that rests on of native grass species,soil microorganisms and regulation of nutrient,as a potential approach to effectively and efficiently restore the degraded grasslands on Tibetan Plateau.

关 键 词：种源 土壤微生物 土壤养分 适应性管理 高寒草地 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]