基于排队博弈的最优比特币交易费支付策略  

Optimal bitcoin transaction fee payment strategy based on queuing game

作　　者：黄冬艳[1] 李浪 HUANG Dongyan;LI Lang(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Wideband Communication and Signal Processing(Guilin University of Electronic Technology),Guilin Guangxi 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西无线宽带通信与信号处理重点实验室(桂林电子科技大学),广西桂林541004

出　　处：《计算机应用》2020年第9期2646-2649,共4页journal of Computer Applications

基　　金：广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD19110042);广西无线宽带通信与信号处理重点实验主任基金资助项目(GXKL06160111)。

摘　　要：在比特币交易高峰期,为使交易尽快被打包进入区块,用户需要提高交易费以竞争有限的区块空间。针对用户如何自主选择合适交易费的问题,提出了最优的交易费支付策略。首先,结合排队博弈论将交易排队竞争上链的过程建模为一个带优先权的非抢占型排队模型;然后,分析交易费对交易耗时的影响,由此给出交易耗时与交易费之间的函数关系式,并推导出用户的纳什均衡支付策略。仿真结果表明,采用最优的支付策略可以有效降低用户的总花费(等待开销与交易费的加权和)。当系统高负荷时,与不支付交易费和按拥塞度线性增加交易费这两种策略相比,所提策略的用户总花费分别降低了97%和72%。由此可见,在保证交易被尽快处理的同时,所提支付策略可以有效减少交易费支出。At the peak of bitcoin transactions,users need to increase the transaction fee to compete for the limited block space in order to pack the transactions into the block as soon as possible.An optimal transaction fee payment strategy was proposed to solve the problem of how to choose the appropriate transaction fees.First,the process of transactions queueing to complete for going up on the blockchain was modeled to a non-preemptive queueing model with priority by adopting the queuing game theory.Then,the impact of transaction fee on transaction time was analyzed,so as to obtain the functional relation between transaction time and transaction fee,and the Nash equilibrium payment strategy for the user was derived.Simulation results showed that the user total cost(weighted sum of the waiting time and the transaction fee)was able to be effectively reduced when the optimal payment strategy was adopted.Compared with the strategy of not paying transaction fees and the strategy of linearly increasing transaction fees according to the congestion,the proposed strategy had the user total cost decreased by 97%and 72%respectively in the system with high load.The proposed payment strategy can effectively reduce the cost of transaction fees while ensuring that the transactions are processed as quickly as possible.

关 键 词：比特币 区块链 交易手续费 排队博弈 支付策略 

分 类 号：TP399[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]