2006—2018年宁夏流行性腮腺炎流行特征分析  

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Mumps Epidemic in Ningxia from 2006 to 2018

作　　者：马岳[1] 龚瑞[1] 孙伟[1] 李涛[1] 高洁[1] 马莹[1] 黎唏[1] 董军强 MA Yue;GONG Rui;SUN Wei;LI Tao;GAO Jie;MA Ying;LI Xi;DONG Junqiang(Ningxia Centre for Disease Prevention and Control,Yinchuan 750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏疾病预防控制中心,银川750004

出　　处：《宁夏医科大学学报》2020年第8期814-818,共5页Journal of Ningxia Medical University

摘　　要：目的分析2006—2018年宁夏流行性腮腺炎的流行特征,探讨2014和2015年宁夏民生项目流行性腮腺炎强化免疫的效果。方法对2006—2018年传染病报告管理信息系统的数据,进行流行病学描述性统计分析。结果 2006—2018年宁夏共报告流行性腮腺炎病例44879例,年均发病率为54.1/10万。流行具有3~4年的周期性,季节分布呈现双峰特点,每年4—6月达到主高峰。发病高峰在4~9岁(24085例,53.7%),0~14岁组人群男性发病率高于女性(χ~2=1083.434,P<0.05),≥15岁组人群男女发病率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=4.000,P=0.261),职业以学生为主。2014—2018年流行性腮腺炎年均发病率较2006—2013年年均发病率下降71.2%,强化免疫前后发病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1607.238,P<0.05)。流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情集中在小学,2014—2018年年平均暴发起数和年平均暴发发病人数较2006—2013年分布下降99.8%和98.9%。结论宁夏流行性腮腺炎具有季节性双峰,4~9岁为高发人群,学生为高发群体,高发人群男性发病率高于女性;通过强化免疫,宁夏流行性腮腺炎疫情出现明显下降。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of mumps in Ningxia from 2006 to 2018,and to explore the effect of enhanced immunization of mumps in the people’s livelihood project of Ningxia in 2014 and 2015. Methods The epidemiological descriptive statistical analysis of the data reported by the Infectious Diseases Report Management Information System from 2006 to 2018 was carried out. Results A total of 44879 cases of mumps were reported in Ningxia from 2006 to 2018,with an average annual incidence of 54.1/100,000.The epidemic had the periodicity of 3-4 years,the seasonal distribution presented the characteristic of double peak,and reached the main peak in April to June each year. The peak of incidence was in the group of 4 to 9 years(24085 cases,53.7%),and the male incidence rate in the group of 0 to 14 years old was higher than that in the group of women (χ~2=1083.434,P<0.05),and there was no statistical difference in the incidence between men and women in the group of ≥ 15 years old(χ~2=4. 000,P=0. 261). The distribution of occupation was dominated by students. The annual average incidence of mumps between 2014 and 2018 decreased by 71.2%compared with 2006 to 2013,and the incidence before and after enhanced immunity was statistically different(χ~2=1607.238,P<0.05). The outbreak of mumps was concentrated in primary school,and the average number of outbreaks and the average number of outbreaks in 2014—2018 decreased by 99.8% and 98.9% compared with the distribution from 2006 to 2013. Conclusion Mumps has seasonal bimodality in Ningxia,high incidence in 4~9 years old,high incidence in students and higher incidence in men than in women,by enhancing immunity,the incidence rate of mumps has a significant drop.

关 键 词：流行性腮腺炎 免疫效果 流行特征 宁夏 

分 类 号：R512.1[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]