隔年交替结果对砂糖橘产量、品质的影响及效益研究  

Effect of Alternate Year Bearing Technology on Yield and Quality of Shatangju Mandarin and Its Economic Benefits Analysis

作　　者：吴文[1] 张瑞敏 朱从一 曾继吾[1] 马培恰[1] 黄永敬[1] WU Wen;ZHANG Ruimin;ZHU Congyi;ZENG Jiwu;MA Peiqia;HUANG Yongjing(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学及遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2020年第8期30-36,共7页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2018 B 020202009,2014 A 020208058);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201506);国家现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-26);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2019B020223001)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究隔年交替结果对砂糖橘树体生长结果的影响,为省力化栽培提供技术参考。【方法】以6年生枳砧砂糖橘结果树为对象,应用隔年交替结果技术,调查植株生长量和产量,分析果实品质与经济效益。【结果】广东砂糖橘采用隔年交替结果技术,结果年(2016年、2018年)平均株产分别为43.3、57.4 kg,显著高于传统栽培。果实可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量和总酸含量分别为13.2%、12.26%和0.51%,均高于传统栽培。隔年交替结果技术明显提高了果实商品率,显著降低人工成本和劳动强度,生产成本比传统栽培方法少10.80%。单位产量、产值均低于传统栽培,纯利润比传统栽培增加不显著,隔年交替结果技术在广东砂糖橘的应用没表现出明显效果。【结论】通过砂糖橘隔年交替结果试验启示,密植郁闭砂糖橘园通过合理间伐和开天窗压顶等回缩修剪,新种园推广合理疏植,保持砂糖橘果园的树冠矮化、通风透光良好,可显著提高产量、果实品质和果实商品率,有效降低生产成本,提高果园经济效益。【Objective】The effects of alternate year bearing technology on growth and fruiting of Shatangju mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco) were studied in order to provide technical references for labor saving cultivation.【Method】The experiment was carried out in 6-year-old Shatangju mandarin trees grafted on trifoliate orange.Through the application of alternate year bearing technology,the effects on plant growth and yield of Shatangju mandarin were investigated,and the fruit quality and economic benefits were analyzed.【Result】With the application of alternate year bearing technology,the average yield per plant of Shatangju mandarin in fruit-bearing years of 2016 and 2018 were 43.3 kg and 57.4 kg,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of conventional cultivation (CK).The contents of soluble solids,total sugar and total acid were 13.2%,12.26% and 0.51%,respectively,all of which were higher than those of CK.Due to the application of alternate year bearing technology,the conmodity rate of fruit was significantly increased,and the cost and labor intensity was significantly decreased.Compared with the conventional cultivation method,the costs of planting with the alternate year bearing technology decreased by 10.80%.The yield per unit area and output value with the alternate year bearing technology were lower than those of the CK.No significant difference was found in the net profit.The alternate year bearing technology had no obvious effect on the increase of the yield or benefit of Shatangju mandarin in Guangdong.【Conclusion】Some helpful revelations were obtained through the experiment.The intermediate cutting and open skylight pruning are suitable for the closed orchard and reasonable sparse planting is recommended for new orchard.After the treatment,the canopy of Shatangju mandarin has been dwarfed and the effect of ventilation and photopermeability has been improved,which can improve the yield,fruit quality and commodity rate significantly.Therefore,the production costs are reduced,and

关 键 词：砂糖橘 隔年交替结果 短截修剪 果实品质 经济效益 

分 类 号：S666.2[农业科学—果树学]