基于元胞自动机的人员疏散模型探讨  

Discussion on the Evacuation Model of Personnel Based on Cellular Automata

作　　者：萨木哈尔·波拉提 邹馨捷 郝明 庞奇志[1] Samuhaer·BOLATI;ZOU Xinjie;HAO Ming;PANG Qizhi(Faculty of Engineering,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2020年第5期122-127,共6页Safety and Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：近些年公共区域的人员安全疏散日益受到重视,如何实现人员快速地安全疏散成为有待解决的问题。以元胞自动机理论为基础,建立了以出口位置对人员的吸引力、从众吸引力、人与人及人与物之间的排斥力、摩擦力和火灾排斥力5个影响人员疏散因素的元胞自动机人员疏散模型,并将量化的趋近移动强度作为人员移动规则,通过竞争占点原则解决人员疏散过程中的冲突问题。最后,以某影院为实例,利用MATLAB软件动态模拟了某影院内人员疏散的过程,研究了影院内对双出口位置、影院布局方式、观影人数对人员所用疏散时间的影响。结果表明:影院内双出口位置选择对侧形式、增加过道数量的影院布局方式和确定最佳的观影人数能有效地降低人员所用的疏散时间,提高人员的疏散效率。Recently the safety evacuation of people in public areas has been paid more and more attention.On the basis of the theory of cellular automata,this paper construts a cellular automata model for personnel evacuation,which is based on five factors affecting the evacuation of personnel,namely,the attraction of exit position,the attraction of conformity,the repulsive force between pepeole and between pepeole and materials,the friction force and the fire repulsive force.By establishing the quantified approaching movement intensity as the personnel movement rule by competitive occupying principle,the paper solves the conflict in the evacuation.Taking a cinema as the case study,the paper finally uses Matlab software to dynamically simulate the process of personnel evacuation in the cinema,and analyzes effects of double exit location,cinema layout and number of audience on evacuation time.Results show that the double exit location can effectively reduce the evacuation time and improve the evacuation efficiency by choosing the opposite side form,increasing the number of aisles and determining the optimal number of audience.

关 键 词：元胞自动机 人员疏散模型 影院 趋近移动强度 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学]