嘘气成云:基础设施管理权限配置与区域经济发展  

Make Cloud Out of Air:The Allocation of Infrastructure Management Responsibilities and Regional Economic Development

作　　者：梁平汉[1,2] 邹伟 Liang Pinghan;Zou Wei(Center for Chinese Public Administration Research,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;School of Government,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国公共管理研究中心,广东广州510275 [2]中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《财经研究》2020年第10期19-32,共14页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(16JJD630009);国家自然科学基金项目(71973037;71503208);中山大学博士研究生国外访学与国际合作研究项目的资助.

摘　　要：交通基础设施可以促进区域经济发展。已有文献关注于基础设施投资,很大程度上忽视了基础设施的维护和运作。但是,基础设施是一种资本,为整个经济体提供了服务流。为了充分利用交通基础设施以促进经济发展,利用好本地信息,提升基础设施运作效率非常重要。文章基于2003年机场属地化改革这一自然实验,研究了交通基础设施管理权限在中央和地方政府之间的配置对于区域经济发展的推动作用。文章采用中国工业企业数据库中规模以上企业的数据,利用三重差分法定量评估了机场改革对于城市全要素生产率的影响。研究发现,机场属地化改革后,有机场城市的全要素生产率显著增长了9.4个百分点。而且,拥有机场并更加依赖临空产业的城市TFP额外增加了3.1%。进一步的分析发现,机场属地化改革对城市经济的提升作用主要是通过带动配套交通基础设施建设和城市出口量来驱动的。研究表明,交通基础设施的管理需要充分考虑不同利益主体的激励和信息,向地方政府赋予适当权力,实现权责利的统一是改进交通基础设施效率,充分发挥交通基础设施经济推动作用的重要途径。Transportation infrastructure promotes regional economic development.Previous research mainly focuses on the construction of infrastructure,and the maintenance and operation of infrastructure to a large extent is ignored.However,infrastructure is a kind of capital that delivers the flow of service for the whole economy.To fully exploit transportation infrastructure to raise economic development,it is important to utilize the local information and improve the operational efficiency of infrastructure.In 2003,due to the substantial fiscal burden,Civil Aviation Administration of China decided to transfer the ownership and management responsibilities of almost all existing airports,except the Beijing Capital Airport and the airports in Tibet,to the provincial governments.This reform effectively reduced the distance to monitor the agent,and was expected to improve the operational efficiency of airports.This paper studies the causal impact of this reform on regional economic development.We employ a triple difference estimation to evaluate the impact of this reform on city-level total factor productivities(TFP).In particular,we consider the variation in three dimensions:time,whether a city has an airport,and the reliance on air-travel,defined by the ratio of firms in air-travel-related industries to total number of firms in a city.It is shown that after the reform,the cities with airports significantly increased the TFP by 9.4%.Moreover,the cities with airports and higher reliance on air-travel-related industries enjoyed an additional 3.1%increase in TFP.A variety of robustness checks and placebo tests confirm the causal impact.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the benefits of airport localization reform mainly leave to the Eastern and Central Area.Further analysis suggests that the localization reform raises the complementary transportation infrastructure investment,and boosts the export.This research indicates that the management of transportation infrastructure should consider the incentives and information of differe

关 键 词：机场 属地化改革 临空产业 全要素生产率 

分 类 号：C812[社会学—统计学] F562