不同圈栏条件对哺乳母猪行为表达的影响  

Effect of Farrowing House on the Behaviors of Lactating Sows

作　　者：洪佳奇 沈飞 邓颖 黄宣凯[1] 王希彪[1] 狄生伟[1] 崔世泉[1] HONG Jiaqi;SHEN Fei;DENG Ying;HUANG Xuankai;WANG Xibiao;DI Shengwei;CUI Shiquan(School of Animal Science and Technology,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第5期781-788,共8页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2019C019)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同分娩环境对哺乳母猪行为表达的影响。【方法】将胎次与体况相近的待产民猪与大白母猪随机分为2组,饲养在分娩圈栏与分娩限位栏2种分娩环境内,比较母猪姿势状态、姿势转换频率、哺乳行为及规癖行为差异。【结果】分娩限位栏母猪产前坐立时间及坐立转趴卧频次均极显著高于分娩圈栏母猪(P<0.01),立卧转侧卧的频率显著低于分娩圈栏母猪(P<0.05)。产后母猪的状态性行为(侧卧、立卧、坐立和站立)在不同分娩环境间均呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)差异,分娩限位栏极显著增加了母猪的立卧和坐立时间及坐立转为趴卧的频率,减少了母猪的侧卧时间(P<0.01),其中民猪分娩限位栏立卧时间及坐立转为趴卧的频率较分娩圈栏增加的幅度要低于大白母猪。分娩圈栏母猪的泌乳时长显著高于分娩限位栏(P<0.05),而放乳前与放乳后按摩时长及母猪中断哺乳均极显著低于分娩圈栏组(P<0.01)。分娩限位栏母猪表现啃栏、嗅地以及无食咀嚼的频次都要高于分娩圈栏,民猪啃栏行为的增加幅度极显著高于大白母猪(P<0.01),而大白母猪无食咀嚼的增加幅度极显著高于民猪母猪(P<0.01)。【结论】分娩限位栏母猪整体活动水平高于分娩圈栏母猪,姿势转换相对频繁;由于活动受限,哺乳行为受到影响,并表现出较多的规癖行为。[Purpose]To study the effects of farrowing pen and farrowing crate on behaviors of lactating sows.[Method]Min pig and Yorkshire sows with similar parity,pregnancy and body condition were assigned randomly to the farrowing pen and the farrowing crate to compare the posture state,the frequencies of posture transition,nursing behavior and stereotyped behavior in these groups.[Result]For pre-farrowing sows,the time of sitting behavior and the frequency of sittingto-lying in farrowing crate was extremely significantly higher than that in the farrowing pen(P<0.01).The frequency of ventral-to-lateral lying for the sows which in the farrowing crate was significantly lower than that in the farrowing pen(P<0.05).After parturition,the expression of posture state behavior(lateral lying,ventral lying,sitting and standing)were significantly(P<0.05)or highly significantly(P<0.01)between different farrowing houses(P<0.01).The crate made the sows significantly increased the time of ventral lying,sitting and the frequency of sitting-to-lying,while reduced the time of lying. Among them, the increase range of ventral lying time and the frequency of sitting-to-lying(P<0.01) from farrowing crate to farrowing pen of Min pig sows was lower than Yorkshire. The durationtime of lactation for sows which in the farrowing pen was significantly longer than those in thefarrowing crate (P<0.05). The time of pre-massage, post-massage and the interruption times of lactationby sows in the farrowing pen were significantly lower than those in the farrowing crate (P<0.01).In terms of bar-biting, rooting floor and vacuum chewing, the frequency of these behaviors of sows inthe farrowing crate was higher than those in the farrowing pen. The increase range of bar-biting behaviorin Min pig was higher than Yorkshire (P<0.01) and the increase range of vacuum chewing waslower than Yorkshire (P<0.01). [ Conclusion] These results indicated that farrowing crate sowshad higher level of activity and posture change frequencies than those sows which in the farrowing

关 键 词：民猪 大白猪 圈栏条件 行为 

分 类 号：S828.46[农业科学—畜牧学]