种植密度与施氮量对山地烟生长发育及烟叶品质特征的影响  

Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on the Growth and the Quality Characteristics of Mountain Tobacco

作　　者：晏玲 刘棋 封幸兵[3] 张留臣[3] 邓小鹏[1] 马二登[1] 童文杰[1] YAN Ling;LIU Qi;FENG Xingbing;ZHANG Liuchen;DENG Xiaopeng;MA Erdeng;TONG Wenjie(Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650021,China;College of Tobacco Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;China Tobacco Company Yunnan Branch,Kunming 650011,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草农业科学研究院,云南昆明650021 [2]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201 [3]中国烟草总公司云南省公司,云南昆明650011

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第5期810-817,共8页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划重点项目(2018530000241016,2019530000241011)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同种植密度与施氮量对山地烟生长发育及烟叶品质特征的影响,以期为山地烟优质高产高效提供理论依据。【方法】以K326为试验材料,通过大田试验,采用随机区组排列,设置3个种植密度(13875、15150和16665株/hm2)和2个施氮量(90和105 kg/hm2),研究不同种植密度与施氮量对山地烟农艺性状、产值、产量及烟叶品质的影响。【结果】相同密度下,施氮量的增加可促进烤烟生长发育,产值、产量也增加,但总糖和还原糖均下降,总氮和烟碱含量上升,感官质量提高。同一施氮量水平下,种植密度增加,烟株长势减缓,烟叶产量和产值增加,但烟叶单株质量持续下降,总糖和还原糖升高,总氮和烟碱下降,感官质量总体呈下降趋势。【结论】适度提高山地烟种植密度和施氮量可提高烟叶产量和质量,即种植密度15150株/hm2和施氮量105 kg/hm2技术组合较为适合山地烟生产开发,其产量较对照提高12.76%,产值较对照提高8.52%,烟叶化学成分更协调,香气量更高,清香型特征更为彰显,较为满足山地烟优质、适产的生产需求。[Purpose]To explore the effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application rates on the growth and the quality characteristics of mountain tobacco,and to provide theoretical basis for high quality,high yield and high efficiency of mountain tobacco.[Method]Three planting densities(13875,15150 and 16665 plants/hm2)and two nitrogen levels(90 and 105 kg/hm2)were set up by randomized block arrangement with K326 as the experimental material.The effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application rates on the agronomic characters,output value,yield and tobacco leaf quality in mountain tobacco were studied.[Result]The growth of flue-cured tobacco promoted,the output value and yield increased,the total sugar and reducing sugar decreased,the content of total nitrogen and nicotine increased,and the smoking quality improved with the increase of nitrogen application under the same density.Under the same nitrogen application level,the planting density increased,the growth of tobacco plants slowed down,and tobacco yield and output value increased,but the quality of tobacco leaves single plant continued to decline,total sugar and reducing sugar increased,total nitrogen and nicotine decreased,and the smoking quality showed a downward trend.[Conclusion]The study showed that moderate increase of planting density and nitrogen application could improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves in mountainous areas.The combination of planting density 15150 plants/hm2 and nitrogen application 105 kg/hm2 is more suitable for the production and development of tobacco in mountainous areas.Its yield increased by 12.76%and output value increased by 8.52%compared with the control.The chemical composition of tobacco leaves are more coordinated and the aroma quantity is higher,fragrance-type characteristics are more prominent,more suitable for mountain tobacco production,high-quality production needs.

关 键 词：密度 施氮量 山地烟 生长发育 品质特征 

分 类 号：S572.047[农业科学—烟草工业]