养育孩子会使女性家务劳动时间增加多少?——家务劳动时间细分的视角  

How Much More Time Does Raising Children Increase Women’s Housework?:From the Perspective of Division of Housework Time

作　　者：张琪[1] 初立明 ZHANG Qi;CHU Liming(School of Labor Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院,北京100070

出　　处：《人口与经济》2020年第5期30-43,共14页Population & Economics

摘　　要：以生育政策调整为背景,以女性家庭投入精力为视角,利用CFPS数据和Tobit模型,探讨子女数量对女性总体、一般和情感家务劳动时间的影响。研究发现:第一,从总体家务劳动时间看,随子女数量增加,女性总体家务时间边际效应呈现出先突变式上升、再稳健式上升、最后相对持平的态势,说明生育一孩对家务劳动影响效应巨大;第二,女性一般家务劳动时间,随子女数量增长,呈现直线式小幅上涨,但情感家务劳动时间变化规律与总体变化规律基本相似,且贡献率超过80%,说明生育带来的子女生理照料和陪伴、教育等情感家务劳动投入巨大;第三,对家庭中至少有一个0—3岁孩子的女性家务劳动分析发现,总体、一般与情感家务劳动时间的边际效应与主效应变化趋势基本相同,且总体、情感家务时间分别增幅最高达24.0%、47.5%,说明0—3岁幼儿是最需要照料的群体。基于上述发现,对情感家务劳动及0—3岁婴幼儿社会照料等问题进行再思考。Based on the adjustment of birth policy and the perspective of the energy invested by female families,this paper uses CFPS data and Tobit model to explore the impact of the number of children on women’s overall,general and emotional housework time.The study found that:Firstly,with the increase of the number of children,the marginal effect of women’s overall housework time showed a sudden increase first,then a steady rise and finally a relatively flat trend,which indicates that having a child had a great impact on housework.Secondly,women’s general housework time raised by the number of children presents a small linear increasing trend,but the changing role of emotional housework time was basically similar to the general change rule,which contribution rate was more than 80%.It indicated that the emotional housework such as physical care and accompanying.Education and so on brought about by childbearing was enormous.Thirdly,women with at least one 0-3-year-old child in the family were held in emotional housework.In the analysis of housework,the marginal effect of overall,general and emotional housework time is basically the same as that of the main test,and the overall and emotional housework time increase up to 24.0%and 47.5%respectively,which indicates that children aged 0-3 years were the most in need of care.Based on the above findings,this paper rethinks emotional housework and social care for infants aged 0-3.

关 键 词：子女数量 家务劳动时间 边际效应 社会支持 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理] F241.4[社会学]