土壤酸碱度、空气湿度对菠萝心腐病发生的影响  

Influence of soil pH and air humidity on the occurrence of Phytophthora nicotianae

作　　者：何衍彪 谢云巧[2,3] 吴婧波 苏雨[2,3] He Yanbiao;Xie Yunqiao;Wu Jingbo;Su Yu(College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Hunan University of Humanities and Science,Loudi Hunan 417000,China;South Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang Guangdong 524091,China;College of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agriculture University,Puer Yunan 665000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南人文科技学院农业与生物技术学院,湖南娄底417000 [2]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江524091 [3]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2020年第8期14-18,共5页China Plant Protection

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630062017026,1630062020024)。

摘　　要：采用盆栽与大田试验结合的方法,通过加湿器和石灰人工制造不同的空气湿度、土壤pH环境,研究了菠萝心腐病在不同空气湿度、土壤pH水平下的发生情况。结果表明,菠萝心腐病在空气相对湿度50%~100%范围内均可发病。其中,叶片接菌处无棉花保湿时RH 90%~100%条件下接菌5 d后病斑扩展至叶片边缘,6 d后发病率为100%;RH 70%~90%条件下接菌6 d后开始出现叶片软腐,发病率为93%;而RH 50%~70%条件下接菌后6 d病斑仍局限在叶片中部,发病率为63%。叶片接菌处有棉花保湿时,菠萝心腐病更加容易发病,但不同空气湿度下菠萝心腐病发病差异不明显。土壤酸碱度对菠萝心腐病发生的影响有差异。室内盆栽人工接菌后7、14d,碱性土壤(pH=8.46)菠萝心腐病发病率分别为68%、95%,而对照(土壤pH 5.93)发病率分别为25%和40%;大田自然条件下酸性土壤地块(土壤pH 5.64),在8~10月菠萝心腐病自然发病率为1.79%~2.84%,高于拌施石灰的地块(pH=7.78)自然发病率(0.57%~1.12%)。Pineapple heart rot caused by Phytophthora is one of the most devastating diseases of pineapple.To investigate the occurrence of pineapple heart rot under different environmental conditions,we used lime and humidifier to create different levels of soil pH and air humidity conditions in the pot and field test.The result indicated that the relative humidity of the atmosphere form 50%to 100%was suitable for the infection.As for inoculated leaves without moisturizing,the lesion could extend to the edge of the leaves 5 days later when RH was 90%~100%,and the incidence reached 100%six days later.When RH was 70%~90%,the lesion showed soft rot six days after the inoculation,and the incidence was 93%.All lesions confined in the middle of the leaves six days later when RH was 50%~70%,and the incidence was 63%.Even serious infection was developed when the inoculated leaves were moisturized with wet cotton balls,but there were no significant differences among pineapple heart rots with different air humidity conditions.Under laboratory and field conditions,soil pH showed different influences on the occurrence of Phytophthora nicotianae.Pineapple heart rot was severe in potted plants in alkaline soil with artificial inoculation,while serious in field plants in acid soil with natural infection.The incidence of heart rot at one and two weeks after the inoculation was 68%and 95%under the alkaline soil condition(pH=8.46)and was 25%and 40%under the acid soil condition(pH=5.93).However,the natural incidence of pineapple heart rot under the acid soil condition(pH=5.64)was 1.79%~2.84%,which was higher than that(0.57%~1.12%)under alkaline soil condition(pH=7.78)during August to October.

关 键 词：菠萝心腐病 烟草疫霉 酸碱度 空气湿度 

分 类 号：S435.79[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]