浙北桐乡油菜菌核病发生规律与影响因子拟合  

Occurrence of oilseed rape sclerotinia in Tongxiang in northern Zhejiang and model fitting with several influencing factors

作　　者：沈涛 缪家顺 金新梅 张倩倩 姚张良 Shen Tao;Miao Jiashun;Jin Xinmei;Zhang Qianqian;Yao Zhangliang(Agriculture and Rural Office of Tongyuan Town,Haiyan Zhejiang 314306,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Shanghai 100049,China;Plant Protection Station of Tongxiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tongxiang Zhejiang 314500,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省海盐县通元镇农业农村办公室,浙江海盐314306 [2]中国科学院大学上海生命科学研究院,上海100049 [3]浙江省嘉兴市农业科学研究院桐乡农业科学研究所植物保护站,浙江桐乡314500

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2020年第8期40-45,共6页China Plant Protection

摘　　要：为进一步明确浙北桐乡地区油菜菌核病的发生规律及主要影响因子,笔者分析了2005—2019年移栽油菜系统测报调查中油菜菌核病的病叶率、子囊盘抽生消长动态及茎病株率等数据。结果表明:①15年中油菜菌核病平均最大病叶率4.69%(幅度1.68%~10.59%),年度间差异较大,同一年份不同田块间差异也较大;②平均子囊盘抽生总数为23.40个/年,菌核埋入土1 cm的穴较3 cm的子囊盘抽生数多,差异显著(p<0.05);子囊盘抽生的始盛期在3月26日,高峰期在4月2日,盛末期在4月9日。经相关性分析发现,油菜菌核病病情稳定期茎病株率(y)与子囊盘抽生数量(x 1)、4月下旬降雨量(x 2)、4月下旬日照时数(x 3)和3月下旬日照时数(x 4)之间存在多元线性回归方程:y=11.6931-0.0202x 1+0.0133x 2-0.0868x 3-0.0709x 4(R^2=0.6025,p<0.05)。当地菌核病最终病情(茎病株率)的首要影响因子是气象因子中的4月下旬日照时数。To further clarify the occurrence and main i nfluen cing factors of oilseed rape sclerotinia[Sclerotinia sclerotiorium(Lib.)de Bary]in Tongxiang area in northern Zhejiang,we analyzed the data of field systematic investigation of oilseed rape sclerotinia from 2005 to 2019,including the rate of leaf infections,the dynamic of the apothecia germination and rate of stem infections.The results showed that the annual maximum leaf infection rate of rape sclerotinia ranged from 1.68%to 10.59%during the past 15 years,with an average of 4.69%.The maximum leaf infection rate varies greatly from year to year and from field to field in the same year.The mean total number of apothecia was about 23.40 per year,and the number of apothecia germinated form the sclerotia buried in the soil at the depth of 1 cm was significantly higher(p<0.05)than that of 3 cm.The initial stage of the booming of apothecia occurred on March 26 th,then peaked on April 2 nd,and ended on April 9 th.Through correlation analysis,it was found that the infection rate of the stem(y)in the stable period of sclerotinia disease of rape was significantly correlated with the number of apothecia(x 1),rainfall in late April(x 2),sunshine hours in late April(x 3),sunshine hours in late March(x 4).Using the data from 2005 to 2018,multiple linear regression equation was given by:y=11.6931-0.0202x 1+0.0133x 2-0.0868x 3-0.0709x 4(R^2=0.6025,p<0.05).The primary factor affecting the final occurrence of sclerotinia disease(infection rate of stems)in Tongxiang,Zhejiang was the sunshine hours in late April.

关 键 词：油菜菌核病 子囊盘 气象因子 拟合 

分 类 号：S431.26[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S435.654[农业科学—植物保护]