脂肪族长碳链聚酰胺的制备与改性技术  

Research Progress on the Preparation and Modification of Long Chain-Based Aliphatic Polyamide

作　　者：李璇 王莉莉[3] 董侠[1,2] 王笃金 LI Xuan;WANG Li-li;DONG Xia;WANG Du-jin(CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles,Institute of Marine Biobased Materials,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]工程塑料院重点实验室,北京分子科学国家研究中心,中国科学院化学研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]生物多糖纤维成形与生态纺织国家重点实验室,海洋纤维新材料研究院,青岛大学,青岛266071

出　　处：《高分子通报》2020年第8期23-32,共10页Polymer Bulletin

基　　金：国家重大研发计划重点专项(2017YFB0307604);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS)区域中心项目(KFJ-STS-QYZX-113、KFJ-STS-QYZX-013)资助。

摘　　要：脂肪族长碳链聚酰胺(LCPA)是指分子主链上相邻酰胺基团之间的亚甲基数目大于等于10的聚酰胺。LCPA的链结构的酰胺基团密度较低,除了具备传统短链聚酰胺的高强度的特点外,还具有优于短链聚酰胺的低吸水率、断裂伸长率、刚韧平衡性、尺寸稳定性和成型加工性能,因此被广泛应用于汽车软管、电子电器等领域。近三十年来,基于我国自主研发的微生物发酵法制备LCPA单体技术的发展,我国LCPA材料的制备和改性技术得到了迅猛发展,成为LCPA基工程塑料研究与开发的重要方向。本文首先概述了LCPA材料的定义和特点,然后从原料的制备开始,分类介绍了LCPA的聚合方法和单体类型及其优缺点,进而综述了近四年LCPA在高性能化改性和功能化改性方面的进展,最后进行了展望,提出了脂肪族长碳链聚酰胺未来的发展方向。该文可为LCPA的制备与改性技术研究和开发提供参考。Long chain-based aliphatic polyamide(LCPA)refers to polyamides whose number of methylene groups between two neighbor amide groups on the main chain is more than or equal to 10.Compared with traditional short-chain polyamides,LCPA has lower density of amide groups in molecular structure,which makes it have lower water absorption,breaking elongation,rigidity and toughness balance,dimensional stability and molding performance.Therefore,it is widely used in automotive hoses,electronics and other fields.In the past three decades,LCPA materials have been developed rapidly,based on the development of LCPA monomer preparation technology synthesized by bio-fermented resources with independent intellectual property in China.The research on the preparation and modification technology of LCPA has become an important research direction for LCPA-based engineering plastics.This paper firstly gives a brief overview of LCPA.And then it starts with the preparation methods of LCPA monomer.Next,the paper introduces the preparation methods of LCPA polymer,classifiedly including their suitable monomers,their advantages and disadvantages.Finally,it reviews the progress of LCPA’s application modification in the last four years,mainly including high-performance and functional modification,and the prospect is also given.These contents have played a certain reference role in the selection of LCPA synthesis methods and suitable modification methods for different properties and functions in the future.

关 键 词：脂肪族长碳链聚酰胺(LCPA) 制备 改性 功能化 进展 

分 类 号：TQ323.6[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]