采伐方式对米老排人工林天然更新的影响  

Effects of cutting methods on natural regeneration of Mytilaria laosensis plantation

作　　者：唐继新[1,2] 贾宏炎 曾冀[1] 安宁[1] 李洪果[1] 雷渊才[3] Tang Jixin;Jia Hongyan;Zeng Ji;An Ning;Li Hongguo;Lei Yuancai(Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Pingxiang 532600,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Pingxiang 532600,Guangxi,China;Research Institute of Forest Resources Information Techniques,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心,广西凭祥532600 [2]广西友谊关森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,广西凭祥532600 [3]中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2020年第8期12-21,共10页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2016GXNSFBA380087);中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心科学基金项目(RL2012-01);全国森林经营科技支撑科研专项“全国多功能森林经营关键技术和主要森林类型作业法体系研究及示范”(1692017-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】基于米老排树种生物学特性,探索采伐方式对米老排人工林天然更新的影响,为其天然更新利用和可持续经营提供科学依据。【方法】以南亚热带米老排人工林为对象,按单因素完全随机试验设计方法,设计3种采伐处理(TA:带状皆伐作业,皆伐迹地带宽约为100 m,顺坡长度大于100 m,两侧不采伐保留带宽度均不少于30 m;TB:沿顺坡方向带式渐伐,渐伐带宽约50 m,渐伐后林分保留密度120~150株/hm^2;TC:皆伐,作业面积4.0 hm^2)和1种对照CK处理(沿顺坡方向,保留宽度为50~100 m的不采伐保留带),每个处理布设3块样地。基于数据处理系统(DPS14.5),采用单因素方差分析和最小显著差异法(LSD),对米老排人工林不同采伐作业后天然更新幼树的更新密度、更新频度、生长等进行分析。【结果】(1)在采伐与抚育作业2年后,所有采伐处理迹地天然更新幼树(树高>1.3 m)的更新效果均可达到天然更新的良级标准(更新密度大于3000株/hm^2,更新频度大于60%),但仅有TC处理种子更新幼树的更新效果达到采伐迹地天然更新的良级标准。(2)在带状皆伐迹地内,米老排天然更新效果随林缘距离的增加而递减,仅能在距林缘18 m范围内(单侧林缘距离范围)达到天然更新良级标准。(3)采伐处理与对照处理相比,前者米老排天然更新的效果远高于后者。(4)在0~10 m尺度内,米老排人工林及其采伐迹地种子更新幼树的空间分布多为非单一的分布类型,并呈规律性变化(先呈聚集分布,随后再呈随机分布或均匀分布)。【结论】(1)在采伐处理与对照处理样地之间,采伐与抚育措施对米老排种子更新幼树的空间分布类型影响不明显,对促进种子更新幼树更新密度和更新频度的影响极显著(P<0.01),对改变种子更新幼树的径级分布作用明显。(2)在米老排人工林落种高峰期(其落种高峰期在10月下旬至12月中旬)外的带状皆伐作业,�[Objective]To provide a scientific basis for the utilization of natural regeneration and sustainable management of Mytilaria laosensis plantation,the effects of cutting methods on natural regeneration of M.laosensis plantation were explored based on biological characteristics of M.laosensis tree species.[Method]Using one-factor completely random design,three kinds of cutting treatments and one kind of control(CK treatment)were conducted with the plantation in the southern subtropical area of China,the three cutting treatments were respectively TA treatment(strip clear-cutting,width of strip clear-cutting land was about 100 m,slope length was more than 100 m,width of each reserve belt was not less than 30 m),TB treatment(strip shelter wood cutting,width of strip shelter wood cutting was about 50 m,the reserve density of the stand was 120-150 plants per hectare),TC treatment(clear-cutting,cutting area was 4.0 hectare),and CK treatment(along the slope direction,reserve no cutting belt with a width of 50-100 m).Each kind of cutting treatment was surveyed with three sample plots.The differences in regeneration density,regeneration frequency and growth of natural regeneration saplings of tree species of M.laosensis plantation with different cutting methods were analyzed using one factor analysis of variance(one way AVOVA)and least significant difference method(LSD)with data processing system(DPS14.5).[Result](1)In the cutting land,after 2 years forest tending,the regeneration effects of natural regeneration saplings(tree height>1.3 m)in all cutting treatment land could reach good grade standard(regeneration density was greater than 3000 trees per hectare,and regeneration frequency was more than 60%),while only the regeneration effects of seed regeneration saplings of TC treatment could reach the good grade standard of natural regeneration.(2)In the strip clear-cutting land,the effects of natural regeneration of the species decreased with the increase of forest edge distance,and could reach good grade standard of natura

关 键 词：采伐方式 米老排人工林 天然更新 更新密度 更新频度 空间分布 径级结构 

分 类 号：S754.5[农业科学—森林经理学]