北宋初期西高州位置的再考证--兼谈“溪洞专条”对湘鄂渝黔边民族地区社会的影响  

Re-examination of the Location of Western Gaozhou in the Early Northern Song Dynasty and its Changes——With the influence of"the Xidong Provision"on the Society of Ethnic Areas in Hunan,Hubei,Chongqing and Guizhou

作　　者：彭永庆[1] PENG Yongqing(Jishou University,Jishou416000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学历史与文化学院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《广西民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第4期37-46,共10页JOURNAL OF GUANGXI MINZU UNIVERSITY:PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“酉水流域少数民族社会治理和民族认同研究”(项目编号:15YJA850004)。

摘　　要：通过梳理图文典籍中西高州的位置和高州田氏活动,认为宋初西高州的位置并非在大娄山的唐珍州地,而是沅水流域地区的唐奖州地。宋朝秉承因俗而治的思想,灵活运用羁縻政策制定"溪洞之专条"来治理西南蛮夷溪洞地区,一方面将归顺溪洞纳入乡兵的管理系统,置土丁、义军,以代王师防守边徼,另一方面又采取树其酋长、赐州额、赐名目、朝贡等措施,将溪洞社会权力机构纳入王朝统治的框架下。田氏一族因势发展自身的实力,不断以州额的形式拓展在溪洞的领地,同时又脱离溪州誓下盟誓的约束自成为一方领地的都誓首。这一互动为元明清时期土司制度的实行和湖广土司格局的形成奠定了基础,使这一群体成为中国文化多元政治一体的重要组成部分。By combing the location of western Gaozhou and the activities of the Tian family in Gaozhou based on the graphic texts,it is believed that its location in the early Song Dynasty was in the Jiangzhou area of the Yuanshui River Basin,rather than in the Zhenzhou area of Dalou Mountain.In Song Dynasty,the central authority adhered to the philosophy of governing by customs,and flexibly used the"reign-not-govern"policy to formulate"the Xidong Provision"to control the southwestern barracks.On the one hand,the Xidong that came over and pledged allegiance was included in the management system of the township soldiers,and the local soldiers and the Rebels instead of the royal or government army were organized to defend the border areas.On the other hand,they incorporated the social power of Xidong into the framework of the rule of the Dynasty by supporting their chieftain,granting them titles and state quotas,and letting them present their tribute to the Xidong society.The Tian family developed their own strengths and continued to expand their territory in the Xidong area in the form of state quotas.At the same time,they became the local chief by breaking away from the restriction of Xizhou oath.These interaction laid the foundation for the implementation of the Tusi system during the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties and the formation of Tusi pattern in the Hunan and Guangdong areas,making this group an important part in the integration of the pluralistic politics of Chinese culture.

关 键 词：西高州 社会结构 都誓首 土家族 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]