氮磷配施对黄土高原旱作农业区典型农田土壤无机磷形态的影响  

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on inorganic phosphorus forms of typical farmland soil in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：焦亚鹏 齐鹏[1,2,3] 王晓娇 姚一铭[1,5] 武均 蔡立群 张仁陟[1,2,3] JIAO Ya-peng;QI Peng;WANG Xiao-jiao;YAO Yi-ming;WU Jun;CAI Li-qun;ZHANG Ren-zhi(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Engineering Research Center for Agriculture Water-Saving,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Management,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Third Institute Geological and Mineral Exploration of Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省节水农业工程技术研究中心,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃农业大学管理学院,甘肃兰州730070 [5]甘肃省地矿局第三地质矿产勘查院,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2020年第8期1459-1472,共14页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：甘肃农业大学学科建设基金(GAU-XKJS-2018-205);甘肃农业大学盛彤笙基金(GSAU-STS-1706);青年研究生导师扶持基金(GAU-QNDS-201704)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同氮磷配施条件下土壤无机磷组分转化特征和无机磷组分转化的影响因素,为陇中黄土高原旱作农业区农田磷素的高效利用及农田养分平衡提供参考。【方法】基于2017年布设在陇中黄土高原定西市李家堡镇麻子川村的不同氮磷配施春小麦长期定位试验,氮(N)、磷(P2O5)各设4个水平,分别为0、75.0、115.0、190.0 kg/hm2,两两正交共16个处理。使用顾益初-蒋柏藩法测定收获后耕层(0―20 cm)土壤中各形态无机磷组分含量以及环境因子(土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、有效磷、pH、籽粒产量、地上部生物量、磷肥回收利用率、微生物量碳、氮、磷和碱性磷酸酶)。【结果】土壤无机磷组分变化顺序为Ca10-P>Ca8-P>O-P>Fe-P≈Al-P>Ca2-P,无机磷含量主要以Ca-P为主,Al-P、Fe-P、O-P 3种形态占无机磷总量的20%左右。施磷显著增加土壤各无机磷组分含量,施氮显著降低除O-P、Ca8-P外其它无机磷组分含量,使O-P显著增加。施氮对各无机磷组分比例变化影响较小,Ca2-P、Ca8-P占无机磷总量的比例随着施磷量的增加而增加,Ca10-P、O-P所占的比例随着施磷量的增加呈下降趋势。Fe-P占无机磷的比例随着施磷量的增加基本无变化。本研究土壤有效磷与Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Fe-P、O-P之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与Al-P呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与Ca10-P相关性不显著(P>0.05)。通径分析结果显示,各形态无机磷对有效磷的直接贡献顺序为Ca2-P>O-P>Al-P>Ca10-P>FeP>Ca8-P,在本区Ca2-P是土壤有效磷的主要磷源,Ca8-P、Fe-P是潜在磷源。施氮显著提高了土壤有机碳、全氮、籽粒产量、地上部生物量及微生物量碳、氮、磷及碱性磷酸酶活性和磷肥回收利用率,降低了全磷、有效磷、pH。施磷显著提高了全氮、全磷、有效磷、籽粒产量、地上部生物量及微生物量碳、氮、磷及碱性磷酸酶活性,降低了有机碳。冗余分析结果显示,土壤�【Objectives】The transformation characteristics of soil inorganic phosphorus forms under different nitrogen and phosphorus application conditions and the factors affecting the conversion of inorganic phosphorus forms were discussed.It provides a reference for the efficient use of phosphorus in farmland and soil nutrient balance in the dry farming area of Longzhong Loess Plateau.【Methods】Based on the long-term positioning experiment of different nitrogen and phosphorus combined application of spring wheat set in Mazichuan Village,Lijiabao Town,Dingxi City,Longzhong Loess Plateau in 2017,nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P2O5)were set at 4 levels,respectively,0,75.0,115.0,190.0 kg/hm2,a total of 16 treatments in pairs.Using Gu Yichu-Jiang Bofan method to determine the content of each form of inorganic phosphorus forms in the soil after harvest(0–20 cm),as well as environmental factors(soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,Olsen-P,pH,grain yield,biomass,apparent recovery efficiency of applied phosphorus,microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase).【Results】The distribution order of inorganic phosphorus forms in soil is Ca10-P>Ca8-P>O-P>Fe-P≈Al-P>Ca2-P.The content of inorganic phosphorus is mainly Ca-P,and the other three forms of Al-P,Fe-P and O-P account for about 20%of the total inorganic phosphorus.Phosphorus application significantly increased the phosphorus content of each inorganic phosphorus form in the soil.Nitrogen application significantly reduced the phosphorus content of other inorganic phosphorus components except O-P and Ca8-P,and O-P increased significantly.Nitrogen application has little effect on the change of the proportion of each inorganic phosphorus form.The proportion of Ca2-P and Ca8-P in the total inorganic phosphorus increased with the increase of phosphorus application,and the proportion of Ca10-P and O-P showed a significant downward trend with the increase of phosphorus application.The proportion of Fe-P in inorganic phosphorus is basically u

关 键 词：陇中黄土高原 氮磷配施 无机磷组分 磷素有效性 环境因子 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]