可资本化下宅基地禀赋对农户异地创业影响研究  

Study on the influence of capitalization of homestead endowment on rural households’entrepreneurship in different places

作　　者：李国正[1] 王浩宇 查紫振 田雅敏 艾小青[1] LI Guo-zheng;WANG Hao-yu;ZHA Zi-zhen;TIAN Ya-min;AI Xiao-qing(School of Economics and Management,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;School of Agriculture and Rural Development,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学经济与管理学院,北京100124 [2]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2020年第9期146-155,共10页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“乡村振兴战略下农民工返乡创业融资约束与信贷可得性研究:基于农地抵押品功能视角”(批准号:71803006);教育部人文社科基金项目“乡村振兴战略下农民工返乡创业融资偏好、信贷可得性及支持政策研究”(批准号:18YJC790076);北京市社会科学基金项目“京津冀协同发展中城乡劳动力转移与市民化问题”(批准号:19YJA004);北京市教委社科项目“产业升级背景下首都流动人口职业技能衍生路径与培育机制研究”(批准号:SM201810005004)。

摘　　要：农民住房财产权抵押贷款政策有助于发挥农户土地资产“产权经济属性”和缓解农户因缺乏合意抵押品而面临的融资困境。对于在城市中的农户而言,不仅能够有效利用其户籍地的宅基地,还能缓解其创业所面临的信贷约束。然而,当前关于这一政策的实施效果以及对农户异地创业的影响还缺乏深入的定量分析。本文基于2017年CMDS数据,综合运用多元Logit、倾向得分匹配(PSM)和分位数回归(QR)等方法,对宅基地抵押融资与农户异地创业的作用机理进行了深入的理论分析和计量研究。研究发现:①相比非试点地区,试点地区农户选择创业的概率会更高,其中机会型创业概率又高于生存型创业;②同样有宅基地的创业农户,试点地区比非试点地区家庭月收入平均提高926.6元,试点地区内有宅基地的创业农户比没有宅基地的创业农户家庭月收入平均提高348.74元;③随着宅基地面积增加,单位宅基地面积对创业农户收入提升的影响呈现出先减后升的趋势;④从地缘上看,单位面积宅基地价值从东往西呈现出先减后增的U型变化趋势。进一步通过调查研究和理论推导发现:前期征信评估和信誉调查是金融机构降低经营风险的重要保障措施。研究认为,宅基地抵押贷款对农户创业具有显著促进作用,合理的评估和对冲机制有助于防范潜在社会风险,完善对农户创业的保险和支持政策,有助于降低农户的创业风险。The housing mortgage policy for farmers helps to exert the‘economic attribute of property rights’of farmers’land assets and alleviate the financing difficulties faced by farmers due to the lack of desirable collateral.For farmers who stay in cities,this policy can not only effectively utilize the domicile of the homestead land,but also ease the credit constraints they face in starting businesses.However,the financing effect of this policy on the influence of different entrepreneurial farmers still lacks quantitative analysis currently.Based on the CMDS data in 2017,this paper comprehensively used multiple Logit,Propensity Score Matching(PSM)and Quantile Regression(QR)methods to conduct a deep theoretical analysis and a quantitative study on the impact of homestead mortgage financing on rural households’off-site entrepreneurship.This paper found that:①Compared with non-pilot areas,farmers in pilot areas had a higher possibility for choosing entrepreneurship,in which the possibility of opportunistic entrepreneurship was higher than that of subsistence entrepreneurship.②The average monthly income of households in the pilot areas was 926.6 yuan higher than that in the non-pilot areas.The average monthly income of rural households with homesteads in the pilot areas was 348.74 yuan higher than that of rural households without homesteads in the pilot areas.③With the expansion of homestead areas,the influence of the unit area of homestead on the income of entrepreneurial farmers showed a trend of decreasing first and rising next.④From the perspective of geography,the value of homestead per unit area from east to west presented a U-shaped change trend of decreasing first and increasing next.Through further investigation and theoretical deduction,it is found that early credit assessment and credit investigation are important safeguard measures for financial institutions to reduce operational risks.According to the research,homestead mortgage loan can significantly promote the entrepreneurship of farmers.Rea

关 键 词：宅基地资产资本化 农户住房财产权抵押贷款 信贷约束 农户创业 

分 类 号：F832.43[经济管理—金融学]