人工智能应用于行政处罚的风险治理  

The Risk Governance of Applying Artificial Intelligence to Administrative Punishment

作　　者：魏琼[1] 徐俊晖 Wei Qiong;Xu Junhui(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海200042

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2020年第5期84-93,共10页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：上海哲社规划“三大系列”一般课题“中国特色社会主义法治的形成与发展研究”(项目编号:2017BHC012)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：随着行政执法信息化的高速发展,以大数据和算法为核心的人工智能在行政处罚中的应用日渐广泛,诸如行政处罚裁量基准的智能化、行政处罚过程的智能化及行政处罚决定的智能化等,这些应用都彰显出人工智能与行政处罚彼此之间交互融合的巨大潜力。但在人工智能应用于行政处罚领域中也存在着一定的风险,如处罚执法能力弱化、处罚违法、处罚明显不当等。为此,有必要对人工智能应用于行政处罚进行风险治理,其举措有三:搭建行政处罚执法中人与人工智能协作平台,健全包含人工智能的行政处罚信息公示制度、革新行政处罚执法中的人工智能技术等。为此,在我国行政处罚法修改之际,宜制定专门条款以规范人工智能应用于行政处罚的风险,做到以"智能"应对人工智能所带来的风险,使人工智能更好地服务于行政处罚执法活动,加快智慧处罚进程,强化信息化时代法治政府与数据政府的建设。Along with the rapid development of modern administrative law enforcement information,artificial intelligence with big data and algorithm as the core is increasingly widely used in administrative punishment,such as the intelligence of administrative punishment discretion base,the intelligence of administrative punishment process and the intelligence of administrative punishment decision.These applications all demonstrate the great potential of interaction between artificial intelligence and administrative punishment.However,there are also some risks in the application of artificial intelligence in the field of administrative punishment,such as weakened law enforcement ability,illegal punishment,and obvious improper punishment.Therefore,it is necessary to govern the risk of artificial intelligence applied to administrative punishment.The measures are as follows:to build a cooperation platform between human and artificial intelligence in administrative punishment enforcement,to improve the system of information publicity of administrative punishment including artificial intelligence,and to reform the artificial intelligence technology in the enforcement of administrative punishment.And when the administrative punishment law is revised,it is advisable to formulate special provisions to regulate the risks of applying artificial intelligence to administrative punishment,so as to deal with the risks brought by artificial intelligence with“intelligence”,it will make artificial intelligence serve the enforcement of administrative punishment better,speed up the process of intelligent punishment,and strengthen the construction of law-based government and data-based government in the information age.

关 键 词：人工智能 行政处罚 明显不当 风险治理 智慧处罚 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]