昆明烟区农家肥的基本特性与安全性现状研究  

Basic Characteristics and Safety of Farmyard Manure in Kunming Tobacco-growing Area

作　　者：徐兴阳[1] 钱发聪 罗云 杨义 陈初 张静 董石飞 杨应明 XU Xing-yang;QIAN Fa-cong;LUO Yun;YANG Yi;CHEN Chu;ZHANG Jing;DONG Shi-fei;YANG Ying-ming(Yunnan Tobacco Company Kunming Branch,Yunnan Kunming 650051,China;Hongyun-Honghe Tobacco(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Yunnan Kunming 650202,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司昆明市公司,云南昆明650051 [2]红云红河烟草(集团)责任有限公司,云南昆明650202

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第8期1748-1753,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司重点科技项目“基于品牌导向的烟叶定向需求技术研究与应用”(2017YN12);中国烟草总公司云南省公司重点科技项目“不同土壤烤烟连作年限评价及提升耐连作技术研究”(2019530000241011)。

摘　　要：【目的】旨在掌握昆明烟区农家肥质量现状,为合理利用和规范生产提供重要参考。【方法】按照“多点、随机”原则在昆明烟区采集农家肥样品,参照烟用有机肥标准体系开展相关指标检测与对比分析。【结果】昆明烟区农家肥的pH值8.27,有机质57.0%,总养分5.33%,腐殖酸19.0%,容重0.55 g/cm^3,速效氮0.08%,速效磷0.30%,速效钾1.91%,具有速效氮、速效磷含量低,速效钾含量高的特点,以羊粪类和牛粪类农家肥综合表现较好。一般农家肥中总铜61.1 mg/kg,总铅23.9 mg/kg,总镉1.68 mg/kg,总铬24.9 mg/kg,总砷11.5 mg/kg,总汞0.19 mg/kg,总锌221.5 mg/kg、氯离子0.42%,但猪粪类农家肥中锌、铜等重金属元素含量超标很严重。【结论】一般农家肥只要按有机肥标准规范生产流程和控制安全风险,其质量就能满足优质烟叶生产的要求。【Objective】The present paper aimed to grasp the quality status of farmyard manure in Kunming tobacco-growing area and provide important reference for rational utilization and standardized production.【Method】Farmyard manure samples were collected according to the principle of multi-points and random in Kunming tobacco-growing area,and carry out relevant index detection and comparative analysis according to the standard system of organic fertilizer for tobacco-planting.【Result】The pH value of farmyard manure was 8.27,the contents of organic matter,total nutrient and humic acids were 57.0%,5.33%and 19.0%respectively,and the volume weight was 0.55 g/cm3,and the contents of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were 0.08%,0.30%and 1.91%,respectively.The farmyard manure had low content of available nitrogen,phosphorus and high content of available potassium,and the comprehensive performance of sheep manure and cattle manure was better than other types.The contents of total Cu,Pb and Cd in ordinary farmyard manure were 61.1,23.9 and 1.68 mg/kg respectively,and the contents of total Cr,As,Hg and Zn were 24.9,11.5,0.19 and 221.5 mg/kg respectively,and the content of chloride ions was 0.42%.However,in the five kinds of organic fertilizers,only the content of total Zn,Cu obviously exceeded the standard in pig manure.【Conclusion】The quality of ordinary farmyard manure could meet the requirements of high-quality tobacco production as long as the production process was standardized and safety risks were controlled according to the standard of organic fertilizers.

关 键 词：昆明烟区 农家肥 特性 安全性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]