日粮精料比例对牦牛春季生长性能、血液代谢和养殖收益的影响  

Effect of Dietary Concentrate Contents on Growth Performance,Blood Metabolites and Economic Return in Yaks During Spring Rest-grazing Period

作　　者：徐田伟[1] 马力 张万明 刘宏金[1,2] 耿远月 赵索南 徐世晓 XU Tian-wei;MA Li;ZHANG Wan-ming;LIU Hong-jin;GENG Yuan-yue;ZHAO Suo-nan;XU Shi-xiao(Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qinghai Xining 810001,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Haibei Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science,Qinghai Haiyan 810299,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]海北藏族自治州畜牧兽医科学研究所,青海海晏810299

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第8期1852-1856,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0502301);青海省自然科学基金青年项目(2019-ZJ-974Q);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类(XDA2005010406)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示日粮中精料添加比例对牦牛的春季休牧期间生长性能、血液代谢和养殖收益的影响,为高寒地区实施春季休牧舍饲技术提供技术支撑。【方法】选取45只体况相近的2岁牦牛(108.17±14.00 kg),按照精料和燕麦干草的不同配比分为以下5组:A组(0∶100)、B组(15∶85)、C组(30∶70)、D组(45∶55)和E组(60∶40),每组9头牦牛。试验正试期90 d,每日饲喂2次,自由饮水。【结果】牦牛的干物质采食量、增重效果和饲草转化效率随日粮精料比例的增加呈升高的趋势。血液代谢方面,日粮精料比例对牦牛的血清尿素氮、白蛋白、血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶等没有显著影响(P>0.05)。D和E组牦牛的血清总蛋白显著高于A组(P<0.05),D组牦牛的高密度脂蛋白显著高于A和B组(P<0.05)。养殖收益方面,D和E组牦牛的养殖收益和收益指数差异不显著(P>0.05),两组均显著高于A、B和C组。【结论】采用D组日粮开展春季牦牛舍饲,可以较好的提高牦牛的生长性能,同时提高养殖收益。【Objective】This study aimed to explore the effect of dietary concentrate contents on growth performance,blood metabolites and economic return in yaks during spring rest-grazing period.【Method】45 two-year-old yaks(108.17±14.00 kg)were randomly assigned to five diet treatments with different concentrate contents∶A(0∶100),B(15∶85),C(30∶70),D(45∶55)and E(60∶40),respectively.Yaks had free access to diets and clean water over a 90-day experiment.【Result】The feed intake,body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency increased with dietary concentrate contents changing from 0%to 60%.For blood metabolites,no difference was detected in blood urea nitrogen,albumin,glucose,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein,alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase among treatments(P>0.05).Yaks in treatments D and E had higher serum total protein than that of treatment A(P<0.05).Treatment D had higher high density lipoprotein than treatments A and B(P<0.05).For economic return,no difference was detected in breeding profit and economic benefit index between treatments D and E(P>0.05),meanwhile,they were better than treatments A,B and C(P<0.05).【Conclusion】It was concluded that diet D was appropriate for increasing yak performance and economic return during spring rest-grazing period in Tibetan alpine areas.

关 键 词：牦牛 日粮精料比例 生长性能 血液代谢 养殖收益 春季休牧期 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]