民航运输机型与航线的匹配性研究  

Study on Match Problem between Aircraft Type and Route

作　　者：景崇毅 吴永强 JING Chong-yi;WU Yong-qiang(Airport Management and Engineering Research Center,College of Airport and Transportation Management,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Guanghan 618307,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航飞行学院机场工程与运输管理学院机场管理与工程研究中心,四川广汉618307

出　　处：《航空计算技术》2020年第5期10-14,共5页Aeronautical Computing Technique

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(61179074);民航局科教项目资助(FDQT0006);中国民航飞行学院重点科研项目资助(ZJ2016-03)。

摘　　要：民航运输机型与航线的匹配问题一直都是业界非常关注的热点课题,具有重要的经济价值和政策意义。目前的研究以实证居多,缺乏较系统深入的理论分析。构建一个较为完整的理论分析框架,考察了飞机机型在不同特征航线上的最佳匹配策略。研究结果表明竞争和弹性是影响机型匹配性的关键因素,当市场高度集中时,企业倾向于采用大机型以获取规模经济效应;当市场竞争激烈时,企业倾向于增加频率以发挥密度经济效应。在缺乏弹性环境下,弹性增加会刺激企业提高频率减小机型;在富有弹性环境下,弹性增加会促使企业采用较大机型,但替代品的存在会抑制这种趋势。数值仿真证实了模型的基本结论,还发现机型对需求弹性的敏感性与竞争程度显著负相关,这为运输企业合理配置机队资源提供了重要参考。The match problem between aircraft type and route has always been a hot topic concerned by the industry and academic community,which has very important economic value and policy implication.As so far,there are many empirical studies but few systematic theoretical researches.This paper constructs an integrated theoretical analysis frame,investigating the best matching strategy of aircraft type on various routes.The result shows that competition and elasticity are the critical factors influencing aircraft match on route.When the market is highly concentrated,the carrier tends to use bigger aircraft to acquire scale economies effect.As the market is highly competitive,the carrier is inclined to add frequencies to get density economic effect.Under the price inelasticity circumstances,increasing the elasticity would stimulate the carrier enhance the frequencies and downsize the aircraft.Under the highly price elasticity circumstances,increasing the elasticity would induce the carrier use large size aircraft,however,the alternatives would restrain this kind trend.The digital simulation verifies the basic result of the model,and finds that the sensitivity of the aircraft type to elasticity is significantly negatively correlated with competition,these conclusions provide many valuable decision references for the carriers allocating their fleet resources reasonably and effectively.

关 键 词：运输机机型 航线 匹配性 需求弹性 

分 类 号：V355[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] F560[经济管理—产业经济]