论私法范畴的媒体权利——基于《民法典·人格权编》相关条款  

On Media Rights in Category of Private Law:Based on Relevant Provisions of the Civil Code

作　　者：陈堂发[1] Chen Tangfa

机构地区：[1]南京大学新闻传播学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2020年第8期66-74,127,共10页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“互联网与表达权的法律边界研究”(项目编号:15ZDB144)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：私法属性的媒体权利体现为侵权法范畴的权利与义务关系,属于消极性权利或普通权利。公法属性的媒体权利因媒体介入公共事务或关涉公共利益而获得公共权力角色,拥有特定范围的权力主体身份。"人格权编"所确立的媒体权利具有强义务性,媒体所承担的义务叠加了"处理自己事务同等的注意"、"善良管理人的注意"。"私法自治"原则所规范的媒体权利份量同遵从约定义务、"任何人都不得加害于他人"禁令的严格义务相匹配。"适度干预"原则所设立的媒体附条件免责的"公共利益"条款,具有可辩论性及适用的弹性,有利于适度弱化媒体注意义务,使得公法范畴的媒体权利属性得以强化。"人格权编"设立的合理审查义务对于媒体权利的补强功能,有赖于司法适用证据规则的转移即采纳证据盖然性规则、引入人民陪审理员制度,以减轻媒体承担苛刻的举证责任。Media rights of private law mainly refers to rights and obligations of tort law,which belong to negative rights or ordinary rights.Due to media being involved in public affairs and public interests,media rights in the category of public law have been assigned a role of public power and obtain power subject status in a specific scope.Media rights established in the Personal Rights Section have excessive obligations,and obligations being applied to media include"equal attention to dealing with their own affairs"and"the attention of good managers".Media rights regulated by the principle of"autonomy in laws"matches the strict obligation to comply with the agreed obligation and to prohibition of"no one shall harm others"."Public interest"being traced from"moderate intervention"as a disclaimer with additional conditions,it is debatable and applicable,which is helpful to weaken the duty on attention moderately,and helpful to strengthen media rights in category of public law.The reasonable review obligation set in the Personality Right Section objectively reinforce media rights and reduce the burden of proof on media.Its role-playing depends on transferring the rules of judicial evidence and introducing the People’s Jury Trial System.

关 键 词：私法权利 媒体权利 民法典 强义务性 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]