美国制度霸权的变迁与中国的国际角色  

The Transition of the Institutional Hegemony of the United States and China’s International Role

作　　者：宋静 Song Jing

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学马克思主义学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《社会科学》2020年第9期24-40,共17页Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：在经贸领域,国际制度霸权是美国霸权战略的重要组成部分,其随着国际形势与美国实力的变迁同步演化,经历了由盛及衰的四个阶段。二战后,美国建立布雷顿森林体系,以关贸总协定为中心,确立单极垄断的贸易治理模式。20世纪70年代,布雷顿森林体系解体,美国采用西方大国协调模式来延缓其制度霸权的衰落。冷战后,世贸组织成立并实现成员大扩容,多哈回合陷入困局,美国推动制度霸权升级,以区域性协定和新议题规则的拓展打造平行体系,形成“碎片式分治”模式。2008年金融危机后,全球治理失灵,美国制度霸权陷入困境,世贸组织进入南北对峙格局。当前,世贸组织改革已成为国际社会的首要共识。作为贸易大国,中国明确参与全球治理的角色定位,提出全球经济治理改革的新理念、新倡议与新方案,致力于维护多边贸易体系的稳定、公平与有序。多边贸易治理模式在短期内以“大国博弈”“大国竞合”为主,中长期趋向“大国协调”“南北共治”“多边合作”。In the international trade circle,institutional hegemony is an important part of the U.S.power strategy that has experienced four stages from prosperity to decline along with the change of international situation and its strength.After World War II,the U.S.established the mode of unipolar monopoly trade governance with the GATT as the center platform.In the 1970s,when the Bretton Woods system disintegrated,the U.S.adopted the coordination model of western major powers to delay the decline of its institutional hegemony.After the cold war,the WTO was established and expanded.When the Doha round fell into a dilemma,the U.S.turned to promoted the upgrading of institutional hegemony and formed the fragmented model with the expansion of regional agreements and the rules of new issue.After the financial crisis in 2008,the global governance failed.The U.S.institutional hegemony got bogged down and the WTO entered into the pattern of confrontation between the North and the South.At present,the international community regards WTO reform as the primary consensus.As a trading power,China has clearly defined its role in participating in global governance,put forward new ideas,new initiatives and new programs for the reform of global economic governance,and maintained the stability,fairness and order of the multilateral trading system.In the short term,the multilateral trade governance model is dominated by“the Powers Game”or“the Competition and Cooperation of Great Powers”.In the medium and long term,it tends to be“the Concert of Powers”,“the Co-governance between the North and the South”and“the Multilateral Joint Governance”.

关 键 词：全球治理 多边贸易体系 制度霸权 中国角色 

分 类 号：D871[政治法律—政治学]