肥料增效剂对碳氮淋溶和CO2排放量的影响  

Effects of Fertilizer Synergist on Carbon and Nitrogen Leaching and CO Emission

作　　者：李杰[1] 石元亮[1] 卢宗云[1] 王玲莉[1] 李忠[1] 魏占波[1] 石淏心 高静 王庆军 姬景红[4] LI Jie;SHI Yuan-liang;LU Zong-yun;WANG Ling-li;LI Zhong;WEI Zhan-bo;SHI Hao-xin;GAO Jing;WANG Qing-jun;JI Jing-hong(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang Liaoning 110016,Chinc;College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun Jilin 130033,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Guoiadian Town,Lishu Jilin 136502,China;Institule of Soil Fertilizer and Enironme nt Resources Heilongjiang Academy of Agric ultural Sciences,Harbin Heilongjiang,150086,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳辽宁110016 [2]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春吉林130033 [3]梨树县郭家店镇农业技术推广站,四平吉林136502 [4]黑龙江省农业科学院,哈尔滨黑龙江150086

出　　处：《土壤通报》2020年第3期702-708,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200708,2018YFD0200200);国家自然科学基金项目(41807107)资助。

摘　　要：为了调控肥料养分在土壤中的转化、减少养分损失,研制和合理使用肥料增效剂具有重要意义。研究采用土柱模拟试验的方法,探讨添加不同数量肥料增效剂对土壤碳(C)、氮(N)养分淋失数量以及土壤呼吸强度的影响,从减少肥料损失、保护环境角度明确增效剂的最佳施用量,为增效剂的合理施用提供科学依据。结果表明:施用增效剂对N和C的淋洗损失和二氧化碳(CO2)排放损失量具有显著的影响,该影响主要发生在肥料施用后的前60天左右。当增效剂按肥料投入总量的6‰和8‰加入时,淋洗液中无机氮的累积淋洗量降幅达到13%~41%(P<0.05);而淋洗的无机N以硝态氮(NO3^--N)为主,NO3^--N淋洗总量是NH4^+-N淋洗总量的20倍左右。增效剂的添加对可溶性有机C无显著影响,但显著增加了土壤CO2的排放,增幅达到14%~64%(P<0.05)。淋洗结束后,与不施增效剂处理相比,增效剂添加量为6‰和8‰处理能够显著增加土壤NH4^+-N、NO3^--N、全氮(TN)和可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量,而土壤有机碳(SOC)含量基本保持不变。说明肥料增效剂能够减缓肥料氮素水解速率,又能抑制NH4^+-N转化为NO3^--N过程,加之土壤和增效剂对NH4^+-N的强吸附特性,致使氮素迁移总量降低,可有效减轻对地下水造成污染的风险。综合以上结果,从减少土壤C、N淋洗和保持、提升土壤C、N含量角度考虑,增效剂的最佳施用量应大于肥料投入总量的6‰。In order to regulate the transformation of fertilizer nutrients in soil and reduce nutrient losses,it is of great significance to develop fertilizer synergists.In this study,soil column simulated lab experiment was used to study the effects of new fertilizer synergists on carbon (C),nitrogen (N) nutrient leaching and soil respiration by applying different amounts of synergists.The optimum application rate of synergists was determined by reducing fertilizer losses and protecting the environment.The results showed that the application of synergists had significant effects on N and C leaching losses and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission loss in the first 60 days after fertilizer application.When the synergists application rate were 6‰and 8‰of the total fertilizer input,the cumulative leaching amount of inorganic nitrogen in the leachate was decreased by 13%to 41%(P<0.05).The leaching of inorganic N is mainly nitrate(NO3--N),and the total amount of NO3--N leaching was about 20 times that of ammonium (NH4+-N).The addition of synergists had no significant effect on soluble organic C.And it significantly increased the CO2emission by 14-64%(P<0.05).Compared with CK,the content of NH4+-N,NO3--N,total nitrogen (TN) and soluble organic carbon(DOC) increased significantly under the 6‰and 8‰of the total fertilizer input treatments while the content of soil organic carbon (SOC) remained basically unchanged.These suggested that the new fertilizer synergist can slow down the urea hydrolysis rate and inhibit the transformation of NH4+-N into NO3--N.In addition,the strong adsorption of NH4+-N by soil and fertilizer synergist can reduce the total amount of nitrate leaching and effectively reduce the risk of groundwater pollution.In conclusion,considering the reduction of soil C and N leaching and maintenance and the improvement of soil C and N content,the optimum application rate of synergist should be more than 6‰of the total amount of fertilizer input.

关 键 词：新型肥料增效剂 淋溶 CO2排放 抑制剂 聚氨酸 土壤养分 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]