河南省冬小麦农田蒸散和作物系数  

Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of winter wheat cropland in Henan Province

作　　者：胡程达[1] 方文松[1] 王红振[2] 段居琦[3] HU Cheng-da;FANG Wen-song;WANG Hong-zhen;DUAN Ju-qi(China Meteorological Administration/Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Safeguard and Applied Technique in Henan Province/Henan Institute of Meteorological Science,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Zhengzhou Meteorological Bureau,Zhengzhou 450005,China;National Climate Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室/河南省气象科学研究所,郑州450003 [2]郑州市气象局,郑州450005 [3]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2020年第9期3004-3010,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国气象局/河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室开放基金项目(AMF201604、AMF201701);行业专项项目(GYHY201506001)资助。

摘　　要：农田蒸散是农田水分消耗的主要方式,是农田管理和规划必须考虑的重要因素之一。本试验在郑州农业气象试验站开展,用Penman-Monteith公式计算了2017和2018年两年冬小麦越冬期-成熟期的参考作物蒸散量,利用大型称重式蒸渗仪观测了充分灌水(T2)和自然降水(T1)两种状况下冬小麦农田的实际蒸散量,进而计算充分灌溉下冬小麦的作物系数和自然降水条件下的冬小麦实际作物系数,并分析它们的变化规律及其与气象要素的相关关系。结果表明:不同水分条件下冬小麦农田蒸散量均呈现先升高后降低的单峰变化趋势,其中T2处理的蒸散量和波动幅度明显高于T1处理;冬小麦试验观测时期内,T2、T1处理两年总蒸散量均值分别为535.8和256.4 mm,日均蒸散量分别为3.7和1.7 mm;不同发育期日均蒸散量均是孕穗、抽穗期最高,越冬期最低;冬小麦作物系数明显高于自然降水条件下的实际作物系数,总体上均呈现降低-升高-降低的变化趋势;T1处理实际作物系数与空气湿度相关性最好,与平均气温相关性最差;T2处理作物系数与平均气温、总辐射和风速均有较好相关性,而与空气湿度相关性较差。Evapotranspiration is the main pathway for water consumption in croplands and thus must be considered in cropland management and planning.We estimated the reference crop evapotranspiration of winter wheat in 2017 and 2018 in Zhengzhou agricultural meteorological experimental station from overwintering to maturity period by the Penman-Monteith formula.The actual evapotranspiration in the winter wheat cropland under the conditions of full irrigation(T2)and natural precipitation(T1)were measured using a large-scale weighing lysimeter.The crop coefficients of winter wheat under both conditions were calculated.We analyzed the changes and their correlations with meteorological factors.The results showed that under different water conditions,the evapotranspiration of winter wheat showed a hump pattern.The evapotranspiration and fluctuation amplitude of T2 treatment were significantly higher than those of T1 treatment.The average total evapotranspiration of T2 and T1 treatments in the two years were 535.8 and 256.4 mm,respectively,while the average daily evapotranspiration in the corresponding period were 3.7 and 1.7 mm,respectively.Under the two water conditions,the average daily evapotranspiration was the highest at booting and heading stages and the lowest at overwintering stage.The crop coefficient of winter wheat under full irrigation conditions was significantly higher than the actual crop coefficient under drought stress.They generally showed a trend of decreasing,increasing and decreasing.In T1 treatment,the actual crop coefficient had the best correlation with air humidity,and the poorest correlation with average air temperature,while in T2 treatment,the crop coefficient had a good correlation with average temperature,total radiation,and wind speed,but a poor correlation with air humidity.

关 键 词：冬小麦 彭曼公式 蒸散量 作物系数 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]