秦岭水源涵养功能时空变化及其影响因素  

Temporal and spatial variation of water conservation function in Qinling Mountain and its influencing factors

作　　者：宁亚洲 张福平 冯起 魏永芬[3] 丁家宝 张元 NING Ya-zhou;ZHANG Fu-ping;FENG Qi;WEI Yong-fen;DING Jia-bao;ZHANG Yuan(School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;River Basin Research Center,Gifu University,Gifu 501-1193,Japan)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安710119 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州730000 [3]日本国立岐阜大学流域圈科学研究中心,日本岐阜501-1193

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2020年第9期3080-3091,共12页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金面上项目(2018JM4020);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0404300);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSWDQC031)资助。

摘　　要：秦岭是中国重要的南北分界线,也是中国重要的水源涵养功能区,探究秦岭地区水源涵养功能的时空变化,对于实现该区自然资源的合理利用与可持续发展具有重要现实意义。本文利用InVEST模型产水模块,分析了秦岭地区2000—2015年产水功能和水源涵养功能的时空变化,并采用逐步回归分析法对水源涵养功能的影响因素进行定量化分析。结果表明:秦岭多年平均产水量和水源涵养量分别为156.96×10^8和61.51×10^8 m^3,各市域的水源涵养能力依次为商洛>安康>汉中>西安>宝鸡>渭南;2000—2015年水源涵养功能时空变化显著,空间上呈现南高北低的分布特征,水源涵养量以每年0.26 mm逐年增加,产水量和水源涵养量与年降水量的空间分布基本一致,与实际蒸散发分布相反;2000—2015年的土地利用变化以未变化类型为主,土地利用变化导致水源涵养能力变化-65.2~14.4 mm,其中林地和草地的水源涵养能力分别呈不同程度的增加和下降;子流域尺度上与水源涵养功能相关性强的主要因子为干燥指数、降水和土壤饱和导水率,对产水功能影响较大的因子有干燥指数、降水和实际蒸散发。Qinling Mountain is an important dividing line for North and South China,and also an important functional area of water conservation.Clarifying the temporal and spatial variation of its water conservation function is of great practical significance to realizing the rational utilization of regional natural resources and sustainable development in Qinling Mountain region.The water yield module of InVEST model was used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of water yield and water conservation function in Qinling Mountain from 2000 to 2015.The quantitative analysis of the influencing factors of water conservation function was further conducted using stepwise regression analysis method.The results showed that the mean annual amount of water yield and water conservation in Qinling Mountain was 156.96×10^8 and 61.51×10^8 m^3,respectively.The water conservation capacity of each city followed an order of Shangluo>Ankang>Hanzhong>Xi’an>Baoji>Weinan.The temporal and spatial variation of water conservation function significantly varied from 2000 to 2015,being higher in south and lower in north Qinling Mountain.The water conservation amount increased by 0.26 mm per year from 2000 to 2015.The spatial distribution of water yield and water conservation was basically the same as that of the annual precipitation,while it was negatively correlated with actual evapotranspiration.Land use was mainly stable from 2000 to 2015.The change of water conservation capacity caused by land use change varied from-65.2 mm to 14.4 mm per year.The water conservation capacity increased in forest land and decreased in grassland.Water conservation function had a strong correlation with aridity index,precipitation,and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity on the sub-basin scale.Aridity index,precipitation,and actual evapotranspiration were the main factors influencing water yield function.

关 键 词：水源涵养功能 InVEST模型 时空变化 回归分析 秦岭 

分 类 号：TU991.11[建筑科学—市政工程] TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]