高粱种质资源抗蚜性评价  

Evaluation of Aphid Resistance of Sorghum Germplasm Resources

作　　者：杨慧勇[1] 柳青山[1] 张一中[1] 张福耀[1] 张晓娟[1] 李志华[1] 范昕琦[1] 聂萌恩 赵建武[1] YANG Hui-yong;LIU Qing-shan;ZHANG Yi-zhong;ZHANG Fu-yao;ZHANG Xiao-juan;LI Zhi-hua;FAN Xin-qi;NIE Meng-en;ZHAO Jian-wu(Sorghum Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation,Yuci 030600)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院高粱研究所/高粱遗传与种质创新山西省重点实验室,榆次030600

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2020年第5期1112-1123,共12页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：山西省农业科学院“农谷”研发专项(YCX2018210);山西省专利推广实施资助专项(2019032);山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211002-9-1);山西省农业科学院生物育种工程项目(17yzgc030);晋中市科技重点研发计划(农业)(Y192016)。

摘　　要：利用苗期室内鉴定和成株期田间自然感蚜鉴定相结合的方法对292份高粱育种材料进行麦二叉蚜和高粱蚜的抗性鉴定,旨在为高粱抗蚜品种的聚合育种及品种抗蚜性改良提供精准抗源。抗性鉴定结果显示,PB14648-6、PI550607、Tx2737的抗性比较稳定,在苗期和成株期均对麦二叉蚜表现出一定的抗性;3765白B、L27(粉)、R1027、冀蚜2号在苗期和成株期均表现抗高粱蚜;仅在成株期鉴定中筛选到河北糯R、青稞洋、Tx2737同时对高粱蚜和麦二叉蚜有较好抗性,也仅达到抗(R)级水平。从统计结果来看,苗期接种麦二叉蚜14 d抗性呈极显著差异;而接种高粱蚜7 d抗性呈显著差异,接蚜后10 d、14 d抗性呈极显著差异。接蚜14 d后,高感材料出现死亡、干枯现象,抗感性易于鉴别,因此,接蚜后14 d是进行苗期抗、感性分析的最佳调查时期;在高粱成株期抗蚜鉴定中,全生育期平均蚜量与盛发期平均蚜量有较高正相关关系(麦二叉蚜相关系数为0.844,高粱蚜为0.954),盛发期蚜量能够较好的代表供试材料的田间抗性,可以用于高粱抗蚜鉴定复筛试验。In this study,292 sorghum breeding lines were subjected for tests against the infections of greenbug(Schizaphis graminum)and sugarcane aphid(Melanaphis sacchari)at seedling stage and adult stage,in order to identify the parental lines with reliable resistance used for resistance pyramiding in sorghum breeding.As a result,at both seedling and adult stages three genotypes including PB14648-6,PI550607 and Tx2737 represented constantly resistant against the greenbug,while the lines 3765 white B,L27(powder),R1027 and jiya2 were resistant to sugarcane aphid.Three genotypes Hebeinuo R,Qingkeyang and Tx2737 showed moderately resistant to both greenbug and sugarcane aphid at adult stage.The statistical analysis revealed a very significant difference after 14 days infested by greenbug(p<0.01).The significant differences were observed after 7d(p<0.05)and 10d,14d(p<0.01)infested by sugarcane aphid.The resistance varieties became visible easily,because the plants showing high-sensitive died or dried up 14 days post infection(dpi).In the identification of aphid resistance at the adult stage of sorghum,a higher positive correlation(greenbug,0.844;sugarcane aphid,0.954)between the average numbers of aphids in adult plant stage,in relative to that at peak growth period was observed.The resistance level at peak growth period could be deployed to reflect that of the adult stage which could be used for the re-identification test for aphid resistance of sorghum.

关 键 词：高粱 麦二叉蚜 高粱蚜 抗蚜性 评价 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]