SNP分子标记在作物品种鉴定中的应用和展望  

Application and Prospect of SNP Molecular Markers in Crop Variety Identification

作　　者：王富强 樊秀彩[1] 张颖[1] 刘崇怀[1] 姜建福[1] WANG Fu-qiang;FAN Xiu-cai;ZHANG Ying;LIU Chong-huai;JIANG Jian-fu(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2020年第5期1308-1320,共13页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001401);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-29-yc-1);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2019-ZFRI)。

摘　　要：单核苷酸多态性(SNP)作为最新一代遗传分子标记,已广泛应用于生物各研究领域。本文围绕SNP分子标记的开发和检测以及在作物品种鉴定中的应用展开阐述。目前SNP的开发主要有基于公共数据库和测序两种途径,检测方法从以凝胶电泳为基础的传统检测向高通量自动化的新检测技术发展。在品种鉴定中,对于大样本群体和多SNP检测位点的作物,建议使用基因芯片或基因测序分型(GBS)技术;对于小样本群体和少SNP检测位点的作物,则通过竞争性等位基因特异性PCR(KASP)和高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)分型技术实现更加灵活高效低成本的检测。SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism),as the latest generation of genetic molecular markers,has been widely accepted in multiple research fields.This article focuses on the exploitation and detection of SNP molecular markers and their application in variety identification in crop species.At present,the exploitation of SNP markers mainly relies on the polymorphisms either released in public databases or generated by high-throughput sequencing.The polymorphisms could be detected with the traditional detection method using gel electrophoresis to new high-throughput automated detection technologies.In crop variety identification,it is recommended to use gene chip or genotyping by sequencing(GBS)technology for crops with large sample populations and multiple SNP detection markers,and for which with small sample populations and few SNP detection markers could more flexible,efficient and lower cost by kompetitive allele specific PCR(KASP)or high resolution melting(HRM)typing technologies.

关 键 词：SNP标记 作物品种鉴定 GBS 基因芯片 HRM KASP 

分 类 号：S32[农业科学—作物遗传育种]