不同知识基础产业创新网络与创新绩效比较——以中国生物医药产业与节能环保产业为例  

The Comparison of Innovation Networks and Innovation Performance Between Different Knowledge-based Industries:Taking China’s Biomedical Industry and Environmental Industry as Examples

作　　者：叶琴 曾刚[2] Ye Qin;Zeng Gang(School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences,Shanghai Normal University,200234 Shanghai,China;The Center for Modern Chinese City Studies,East China Normal University,200062 Shanghai,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学环境与地理科学学院,上海200234 [2]华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心,上海200062

出　　处：《地理科学》2020年第8期1235-1244,共10页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41901142);上海市哲学社会科学规划项目(2019EJL003);上海市软科学研究领域重点项目(20692194100)资助。

摘　　要：基于知识基础理论,以中国生物医药产业为解析型产业案例,节能环保产业为合成型产业案例,采用合作申请发明专利数据,应用社会网络分析法和负二项回归模型,比较2004-2006年与2011-2013年解析型产业和合成型产业创新网络演化和绩效。研究发现:①2类产业创新网络结构存在差异:解析型产业创新网络整体呈现强连接稀疏型结构,集聚大学和科研院所的核心城市网络地位高,网络跨区域特征明显;合成型产业创新网络整体呈现核心-边缘结构,强企业组团形成网络核心,网络本地化特征明显。②2类产业创新网络对创新绩效的影响机理不同:中心性对解析型产业创新影响不显著,不利于核心凝聚的合成型产业创新。随着网络的发展,结构洞对解析型产业创新的积极影响不断增强,对合成型产业创新的影响由积极转向消极。创新合作深度对解析型产业创新绩效的正向促进作用远高于合成型产业。创新合作广度显著促进合成型产业创新,而对解析型产业创新影响不显著。③在不同的发展阶段,网络封闭性对2类产业创新绩效影响存在差异。从时间演化看,三元闭包代表的封闭性结构对解析型产业创新的作用由正向逆转为负向,从始至终都不利于合成型产业创新。In the view of the theory of knowledge base,we take China's biomedical industry as an example of an analytical industry and China's environmental industry as an example of a synthetic industry.By establishing innovation networks based on the data of co-patents of the two industries,we compare the evolution,geography,and performance of the two types of networks in the 2004-2006 and 2011-2013.The results indicate:Firstly,there are distinct differences in the network structure:For the analytical industry,interregional cooperation is more important,and network structure shows a picture of sparse in general but strong connection in the part,what’s more,universities and research institutions occupy the central position in the network.For the synthetic industry,the network presents a core-peripherical structure in which some enterprises with strong connection occupy the core position and the development of the network is limited by geographical distance.Secondly,the two types of networks have different impact on innovation performance.Centrality has no significant impact on analytical industry innovation but a negative effect on synthetic industry innovation.With the evolution of networks,the positive impact of structural holes on analytical industry innovation has been enhancing,however changes happened in synthetic industry from positive to negative.The positive effect of cooperation depth on innovation performance is much higher in analytical industry than synthetic industry.While the cooperation breadth significantly promotes innovation in synthetic industry but not significant in analytical industry.Thirdly,from the perspective of evolution,the network closure's role in innovation performance changes from positive to negative in analytical industry but always negative in synthetic industry.

关 键 词：知识基础 解析型产业 合成型产业 创新网络 创新绩效 

分 类 号：F224[经济管理—国民经济] F426.72[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F273.1X324