近代日本数学名词术语的确定历程考  

A Study on Terminology Determination in Modern Japanese Mathematics Education

作　　者：萨日娜[1,2] Sarina(School of History and Culture of Science,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Institute for the History of Science,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院,上海200240 [2]内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《内蒙古师范大学学报（自然科学汉文版）》2020年第5期377-383,共7页Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：上海市浦江人才计划资助项目(2019PJC070)。

摘　　要：幕府末期明治初期,日本引进西方数学时出现数学术语混乱状态,阻碍了西方数学的传播和数学教育的普及,成为数学界亟待解决的重要课题。通过分析当时日本数学名词术语,对近代日本数学名词术语的确定历程进行全面研究,确定其主要来源有三。和算中的术语成为传统数学家了解西方数学的工具,其中又涉及中国传统数学中的术语和明末清初汉译著作中的数学术语。明治以后的数学家们在理解西方数学著作原意的基础上,尝试创造新的数学名词术语,是明治初期涌现出众多新数学名词术语的又一缘由。近代日本数学名词术语得以规范和统一的工作主要由东京数学会社的“译语会”完成,对“译语会”成立的过程及确定诸多数学名词术语的详情做了全面考察,通过一手文献说明了“数学”“代数学”“算术”等重要数学名词术语确定的过程,最后指出规范和统一名词术语对数学发展的重要性,并说明近代日本确定数学名词术语的过程映射出近代中日数学交流的重要意义。A study was conducted on the process of the determination of the modern Japanese mathematical terms in the late Shogunate and the early Meiji in the paper.Three main sources were considered to be important for determination Japanese mathematical terms at that time.Firstly,the terms in Wasan,which also involved the traditional Chinese mathematical terms and the ones used in the Chinese translation books during the late Ming and early Qing dynasty,served as tools to understand the western mathematics for the traditional mathematicians.Secondly,the terms in the Chinese translation works by Li Shanlan and Hua Hengfang in the Qing Dynasty provided an important reference to the final terminological systems of the Japanese mathematics.Thirdly,the mathematicians since the Meiji period,who were trying to create new mathematical terminology based on their understanding of the original western works,contributed another source for the emergence of new mathematical terms at the beginning of the Meiji period.The Translation Society of the Tokyo Mathematical Society in Tokyo accomplished the standardization and unification of most Japanese mathematical terms.Meanwhile,a careful textual research on the found of the Translation Society and how to determine the mathematical terms were carried out to make it clear that how the important mathematical terms,such as“Mathematics”,“Algebra”and“Arithmetic”,were determined through some valuable primary materials that are less known for most researchers.To conclude,the author summarized that standardization and unification of mathematical terms play an important role in the development of mathematics and the process of the determination of Japanese mathematical terms also reflected the significance of mathematical exchanges between China and Japan in modern times.

关 键 词：数学名词术语 汉译数学著作 东京数学会社 译语会 

分 类 号：O11[理学—数学]