2016—2018年西安市两城区PM2.5中多环芳烃污染特征分析  

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution characteristics in PM in two districts of Xi’an City from 2016 to 2018

作　　者：雷佩玉 张峰[2] 郑晶利 张同军[1] 常锋[1] 孟昭伟[1] Lei Peiyu;Zhang Feng;Zheng Jingli;Zhang Tongjun;Chang Feng;Meng Zhaowei(Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi’an 710054,China;Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省疾病预防控制中心,西安710054 [2]西安市疾病预防控制中心,西安710054

出　　处：《卫生研究》2020年第5期769-774,共6页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：陕西省公共卫生检测监测服务平台(No.2016FWPT-12)。

摘　　要：目的分析西安市莲湖区和雁塔区大气细颗粒物(fine particulate matter, PM2.5)中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的污染特征。方法于2016—2018年,在西安市莲湖区和雁塔区两城区监测点每月定期采集PM2.5样品,依据《环境空气和废气气相和颗粒物中多环芳烃的测定高效液相色谱法》(HJ 647—2013)分析样品中萘、苊烯、芴、苊、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、■、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]苝、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘16种PAHs的含量。检测结果按照不同年度、区域和季节开展分析评价。结果莲湖区和雁塔区PAHs总质量浓度(ΣPAHs)的中位数分别为11.68和12.53 ng/m^3,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两城区ΣPAHs均呈逐年降低趋势(P<0.05),莲湖区和雁塔区ΣPAHs的中位数均为冬季最高(55.50、55.61 ng/m^3),夏季最低(4.62、4.57 ng/m^3)。莲湖区PAHs中位数排名前三的单项指标依次为苯并[b]荧蒽(1.90 ng/m^3)、苯并[g,h,i]苝(1.67 ng/m^3)和■;雁塔区依次为苯并[b]荧蒽(1.95 ng/m^3)、苯并[g,h,i]苝(1.63 ng/m^3)和芘(1.47 ng/m^3)。莲湖区和雁塔区、苯并[a]芘的平均质量浓度分别为1.33和1.10 ng/m^3,苯并[a]芘总达标样品占比为72.75%,莲湖区和雁塔区分别为71.20%和74.30%(P>0.05)。结论西安市大气PAHs污染程度逐年降低,冬季PAHs污染较为严重。OBJECTIVE To analyze the pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in atmospheric PM2.5 in Lianhu district and Yanta district of Xi’an City. METHODS From 2016—2018, PM2.5 samples were regularly collected at monitoring points in two districts of Xi’an City, and analyzed the content of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene in the samples according to Ambient air and stationary source emissions-Determination of gas and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-High performance liquid chromatography(HJ 647—2013). The test result were analyzed and evaluated according to different years, regions and seasons. RESULTS The median total PAHs mass concentrations(ΣPAHs) in Lianhu district and Yanta district were 11.68 and 12.53 ng/m^3, respectively, with no significant difference(P>0.05). The ΣPAHs of the two districts were decreasing year by year(P<0.05). The median ΣPAHs in Lianhu district and Yanta district were highest in winter(55.50, 55.61 ng/m^3) and lowest in summer(4.62, 4.57 ng/m^3). The top three single indicators of the median PAHs in Lianhu district were benz(b)fluoranthene(1.90 ng/m^3), benzo(g,h,i)perylene(1.67 ng/m^3) and chrysene(1.34 ng/m^3), In Yanta district, they were benz(b)fluoranthene(1.95 ng/m^3), benzo(g,h,i)perylene(1.63 ng/m^3) and pyrene(1.47 ng/m^3). The average mass concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene in Lianhu district and Yanta district were 1.33 ng/m^3 and 1.10 ng/m^3, respectively. Among all the samples, the qualified samples of benzo(a)pyrene accounted for 72.75% of the total samples, and the Lianhu district and Yanta district were 71.20% and 74.30%, respectively(P>0.05). CONCLUSION The degree of atmospheric PAHs pollution in Xi’an had decreased year by year, and PAHs pollution in winter was more serious.

关 键 词：大气细颗粒物 多环芳烃 季节 污染特征 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]