甲午至戊戌期间的铨选议改与保举定位  

The Reform of Election and the Position of Recommendation during the Period from 1894 to 1898

作　　者：林浩彬 LIN Hao-bin(School of Social Development,Nanjing Normal University ,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学社会发展学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《安徽史学》2020年第5期53-61,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：甲午之后,选拔与培养西学人才的要求得到清朝朝野上下重视。为此,打破旧有的保举与科举、捐纳三途并进的铨选格局,清理旧有仕途而选择新的有效的取才、培才途径成为更急切的目标。从甲午到戊戌期间,在破除旧制、另立新途、弃旧图新、新旧杂糅的铨选议改不同阶段,作为旧的选拔异能奇才的主要途径,保举在其中的角色定位不断变化,并且由于保举对取人才与清仕途的双重影响,在特科、学堂开始出现而尚未定型的过程中定位纠结,展现了晚清新旧铨选制度转型的复杂过程。虽然由于戊戌政变迅速发生,该时期诸多议论尚未得到完全落实,却对新政初期的改革实践产生了深远影响,成为晚清铨选由三途并进向新旧杂糅的转折点。After 1894,the requirements of selecting and training Western learning talents were attached great importance by the Qing Dynasty.Therefore,it is a new goal to break the old pattern of civil service election in which the recommendation,the imperial examination and the donation existed side by side,and the old ways of election should be cleared up to achieve more effective selection and cultivation of talents.During the period from 1894 to 1898,the role of recommendation changed constantly in different stages of the reform of civil service election,which broke the old system,set up a new official career,abandoned the old to seek the new,and mixed the old and new.As the main way to select talents of the old system,the role of recommendation changed constantly.Moreover,due to the dual influence of recommendation on talent selection and official career in the Qing Dynasty,the position of recommendation was tangled and displayed in the process of the emergence of special examination and school which not yet finalized in the late Qing Dynasty,the complex process of the transformation of the new and old civil service election system was introduced.Although many opinions have not been fully implemented due to the coup of 1898,it had a far-reaching impact on the reform practice in the early stage of the New Deal,and became the turning point of the three-way civil service election in the late Qing Dynasty to the mixture of the old and the new.

关 键 词：保举 铨选 捐纳 

分 类 号：K256.5[历史地理—历史学]