超越私有:英国保守党政府国有医院改革探析(1979—1997年)  

Beyond Private:an Analysis of the Reform of Public Hospitals of British Conservative Government(1979—1997)

作　　者：张春梅 王玉洁[2] ZHANG Chun-mei;WANG Yu-jie(School of Marxism,Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210023,China;Institute of History,Anhui Academy of Social Sciences,Hefei 230051,China)

机构地区：[1]南京体育学院马克思主义学院,江苏南京210023 [2]安徽省社会科学院历史研究所,安徽合肥230051

出　　处：《安徽史学》2020年第5期132-140,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年基金项目“英国医患关系变化的内外调适因素研究(1948—2010)”(20YJC770039)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：英国保守党领袖撒切尔夫人上台后,在新“自由主义”理念影响下,掀起私有化改革浪潮,意欲对国有医院实行激进的私有化改革,从根本上改变医院国有属性及国民健康服务体系的基本原则,改革方案泄密后因公众的强烈反对而中途夭折。1989年,撒切尔政府推出内部市场改革理念,缩减政府职能,发挥国有医院自主权,将其发展为医院信托。此理念为梅杰政府所继承,改革进入实践阶段。就保守党政府国有医院改革理念及措施而言,它不是一般意义的私有化改革,而是在坚持医院国有属性基础上,借鉴私有企业运作方式,以市场为工具,试图探索效率与公平的共生结构。其国有医院改革是一种超越私有,在此过程中,政府、市场和社会相互调适,这是国有医院改革的内容,也是改革追求的理想目标。After Margaret Thatcher,the leader of the British Conservative Party came to power,she set off a wave of privatization reform under the influence of the Neo-liberalism concept.She intended to carry out radical privatization reform of public hospitals,fundamentally change its nationalized nature and the basic principles of the National Health Service.The scheme aborted because of strong public opposition.In 1989,Thatcher government introduced the concept of internal market,reduced of government functions,gave full play to the autonomy of public hospitals,and developed them into NHS Trust.This idea was inherited by the Meijie government.The reform entered the practical stage.As far as the concept and measures of British Conservative government reform of public hospitals,it was not a general sense of privatization reform,but on the basis of adhering to the state-owned nature of hospitals,learned from the operation mode of private enterprises,took the market as a tool,and tried to explore the symbiotic structure of efficiency and fairness.In this process,the government,market and society adjused to each other,which was the content of the reform of public hospitals and the ideal goal of it.

关 键 词：英国保守党政府 国有医院 内部市场 

分 类 号：K561.5[历史地理—历史学]