扁平茄果类种子导向振动供种装置设计与试验  

Design and Test of Directional Vibrating Seed-feeding Device for Flat Solanaceous Vegetable Seeds

作　　者：夏红梅[1] 周士琳 刘园杰 赵楷东 李志伟 XIA Hongmei;ZHOU Shilin;LIU Yuanjie;ZHAO Kaidong;LI Zhiwei(College of Engineering,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院,广州510642 [2]广东科贸职业学院,广州510640

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第9期82-88,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0701301);广东省现代农业产业技术体系设施农业共性关键技术研发创新团队项目(2019KJ131)。

摘　　要：针对扁平茄果类种子在供种箱振动供送下播种多粒率高的问题,设计一种带有Y型导槽的导向振动供种装置。通过分析种子在振动导向充种板上的运动特性,确定导向充种板安装角α为10°、振动方向角β为25°。在不同振动强度下,进行了导向充种板振动特性试验和朝天椒种子在导槽内流动特性试验。结果表明,随着振动器电压的增加,各检测点振动频率保持在100 Hz,沿X、Y、Z方向振动幅值增大,种子相对导槽的平均流速增大;Y向振幅在0.45~0.54μm时,种子能在导槽内形成单层、均匀的定向流动,且各导槽内种子平均流速无显著差异。供种效果验证试验表明,在生产效率为300、600、900盘/h条件下,采用导向振动供种装置的播种合格率均超过95%,空穴率均低于5%,满足辣椒育苗精量播种要求。本文设计的导向振动供种装置可显著提高扁平种子播种合格率、降低播种多粒率。Under vibrating action of the seed-feeding box,flat solanaceous vegetable seeds would gather with disordered position and attitude around suction holes of the pneumatic drum seeder because of their poor flowability.That would result in high multiple-seed rate during precision sowing for flat solanaceous vegetable seeds.Therefore,a directional vibrating seed-feeding device with a Y-shaped guide groove was designed.Based on theoretical motion analysis of the seed on the vibrating seed-feeding device,installation angle of the seed guide plate was designed to be 10°,and the vibration direction angle of the seed guide plate was determined to be 25°.Through vibrating test,the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the seed guide plate excited by a linear electromagnetic vibrator was obtained.By means of high-speed photograph method,the Chaotian pepper seed was tested to study influence of different vibration intensities on seed flow characteristics in the guide groove of the seed-feeding device.The results showed that with th increase of the vibrating voltage,the vibration frequency of each detection point remained at 100 Hz,the vibrating amplitude of the seed guide plate along X,Y and Z directions was increased,and flow velocity of the seed along Y direction relative to the guide groove was increased.When the vibrating amplitude of the seed guide plate along Y direction was in the range of 0.45~0.54μm,the seeds in a guide groove can form uniform single layer distribution,and the seed flow velocity of each guide groove had better consistency.In order to verify the effect of the directional vibrating seed-feeding device,a contrast sowing test was conducted.The results showed that by utilizing the directional vibrating seed-feeding device,at the efficiency of 300 tray per hour,600 tray per hour and 900 tray per hour,the sowing qualified seed rate of Chaotian pepper was more than 95%,and the seed-missing rate was less than 5%.It showed that the designed directional vibrating seed-feeding device can significantly improv

关 键 词：精量播种 气力滚筒播种机 扁平蔬菜种子 振动供种装置 

分 类 号：S233.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S223.2[农业科学—农业工程]