水貂养殖轨道式双排自动饲喂车设计与试验  

Design and Test of Rail-mounted Double-row Automatic Feeding Trolley for Mink Farming

作　　者：刘曙光[1] 秦泉[2] 李华[1] 尹宝全[1] 南松剑[1] 车忠志[1] LIU Shuguang;QIN Quan;LI Hua;YIN Baoquan;NAN Songjian;CHE Zhongzhi(Yantai Academy,China Agricultural University,Yantai 264670,China;Shandong Meteorological Center,Ji nan 250031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学烟台研究院,烟台264670 [2]山东省气候中心,济南250031

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第9期108-117,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家级星火计划项目(2013GA740002)。

摘　　要：针对水貂饲喂环节劳动强度大、环境差,水貂饲喂机械化水平不高的问题,设计了一种水貂养殖轨道式双排自动饲喂车,该饲喂车主要包括控制系统、行走系统、输料饲喂系统、饲喂支撑架收展系统。详细分析了饲喂过程中控制系统的控制要求,研究了控制实现方法和动作过程,通过光电传感器与PLC准确控制所有电机的工作状态定位转换,实现饲喂电机工作参数的人机交互调整;设计了导向轮定轨结构,优化缩短了饲料输送管路;模仿人工饲喂时手与手臂的动作形式,设计了自动饲喂投食结构,并进行了机构运动学分析,确定了具体结构及运动参数;设计了饲喂车收展结构,并通过作业条件分析确定了结构参数。样机试验结果表明,自动饲喂车以0.6 m/s速度行进,以预设的200、400、600 g为投喂量,饲喂车实际投喂质量变化范围分别为165~210 g、355~427 g、567~622 g,饲料堆放质量变异系数分别为6.53%、3.78%、2.74%,漏喂率均为0%,满足实际饲喂要求。该自动饲喂车提高了饲喂效率,节约了劳动成本,增加了饲喂车载料量。In view of high labor intensity and bad labor environment in mink feeding links during the mink farming,low feeding mechanization level of mink in China at present,a kind of rail-mounted double-row automatic feeding trolley for mink farming was developed.The main structure of automatic feeding trolley was composed of the control system,running system,transporting and feeding system,feeding rack extension and retraction system.The control requirement for the integral control system during the work was analyzed,its implementation method and action process were studied,the working state fixed position transition of all motors was precisely controlled by means of photoelectric sensor and PLC,the man-machine interaction adjustment of feeding motor operating parameters was realized;the guide wheel orbit structure was designed and the feed transporting pipeline was optimized and shortened;an automatic feeding structure was designed by simulating action forms of hands and arms in manual feeding,the kinematics of mechanism was analyzed to determine the specific structure and motion parameters;an extension and retraction structure for the feeding trolley was designed,and the determination of structure parameters was carried out by means of operating conditions.The performance test results showed that the ranges of change of actual feeding quality were respectively 165~210 g,355~427 g and 567~622 g,the stacking mass of feeding stuffs on the cage were respectively 6.53%,3.78%and 2.74%,the leakage rate for each test was 0%,the actual feeding requirement could be met,when the speed of the feeding trolley was 0.6 m/s,preset feeding quantity was respectively 200 g,400 g and 600 g.The feeding trolley improved the feeding efficiency,saved the labor cost,and increased the carrying capacity of the feeding trolley.

关 键 词：水貂 饲喂车 轨道式 

分 类 号：S865.22[农业科学—野生动物驯养]