关键生育期淹涝胁迫对黑龙江省水稻的影响  

Effects of Waterlogging Stress on Japonica Rice During Critical growth Period in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：姜丽霞[1] 闫敏慧[2] 翟墨[1] 闫平[1] 韩俊杰[1] 何锋[1] 王铭[1] 于艳梅 JIANG Lixia;YAN Minhui;ZHAI Mo;YAN Ping;HAN Junjie;HE Feng;WANG Ming;YU Yanmei(Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Science/Innovation and Opening Laboratory of Regional Eco-Meteorology in Northeast China,CMA/Meteorological Academician Workstation of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Meteorological Service Center,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Hydraulic Institute,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气象科学研究所/中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室/黑龙江省气象院士工作站,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省气象服务中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [3]黑龙江省水利科学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《灾害学》2020年第4期128-134,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31671575);中国气象局沈阳大气所和辽宁省农业气象灾害重点实验室项目(2019SYIAE04);东北区域气象中心科技创新联合攻关项目(2019QYLH3)。

摘　　要：2019年在黑龙江省庆安县选用龙稻18、绥粳18两个水稻品种进行孕穗期淹水试验,分别设定3个淹水深度(1/3株高、2/3株高、3/3株高)、2个淹水历时(3 d、7 d)共12个淹水处理,测定淹水前后的分蘖数、株高及收获后的结实率、穗结实粒数、千粒重及产量等。结果表明:水稻淹水后,分蘖数与对照相比呈减少趋势,总体上,随着淹水深度加大、淹水历时加长,水稻分蘖数减少幅度加大;水稻受淹后与淹水前相比,株高的增长率高于对照增长率,总体表现为淹水深度愈深、淹水历时愈长,水稻株高增长率愈大,在一定程度上可以说明适度的淹涝胁迫对水稻植株生长具有刺激作用;不同淹涝胁迫均导致水稻减产,全淹没7 d减产最严重,龙稻18结实率、穗结实粒数仅68%、72粒,比对照明显偏低,减产率达66%,而绥粳18结实率、穗结实粒数、千粒重更是分别低至59%、42粒、17.5g,远低于对照,导致减产率高达81%,淹水深度1/3 h、2/3 h、3/3 h处理的两个品种平均减产率依次为39%、47%、62%,淹水持续3 d、7 d的平均减产率分别为43%、56%,可见随着淹水深度加深、淹水历时加长,水稻减产幅度加大;淹涝胁迫对两个供试水稻品种生长和产量的影响程度存在差异,比较而言,淹涝胁迫对绥粳18的影响重于龙稻18。In 2019, LongDao 18 and Suijing 18 of two Japonica rice varieties was planted in Qing’an County of Heilongjiang Province for the experiment of rice flooding at the booting stage, three flooding depths(1/3 plant height and 2/3 plant height, total plant height flooding) and two flooding duration(3 d、7 d) were respectively designed for 12 flooding treatments. During the experiment, the tiller number and the plant height before and after flooding, seed setting rate, grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight and yield were measured for quantity and comparative analysis. The results showed that there was a decreasing trend of the tiller number change compared with CK, On the whole, the decrease of the tiller number was the more with the deepening of waterlogging depth and the lengthening of waterlogging duration;the increase rate of plant height was higher than those of the CK, and the increase rate was the more with the deepening of waterlogging depth and the lengthening of waterlogging duration, which indicated that the moderate waterlogging stress could stimulate the growth of rice plants;Different waterlogging stress led to the reduction of Japonica rice yield, and the yield was reduced most seriously after 7 days of total submergence, the seed setting rate of Longdao 18 was only 68% and its the number of grains per ear was 72, which was significantly lower than the CK, so the yield reduction rate was 66%. However, the seed setting rate, grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight of Suijing 18 were as low as 59%, 42 and 17.5 g respectively, which were far lower than those of the CK, so the yield reduction rate was as high as 81%,and the average yield reduction rates of two rice varieties of 1/3 h, 2/3 h and 3/3 h were 39%,47% and 62% respectively, the average yield reduction rates of 3 days and 7 days were 43% and 56% respectively, thus, it could be seen that rice yield loss was the more with the deepening of waterlogging depth and the lengthening of waterlogging duration;The effect degree of waterlogging

关 键 词：水稻 淹涝胁迫 关键生育期 产量 黑龙江 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P429