杂交水稻的系谱分析与杂种优势利用  

Analysis of the Pedigrees and Heterosis Utilization of Hybrid Rice

作　　者：杨金松[1] 黄志谋 张再君[1] 邱东峰[1] YANG Jin-song;HUANG Zhi-mou;ZHANG Zai-jun;QIU Dong-feng(Institute of Food Crop,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;Xianning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xianning 437000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,湖北武汉430064 [2]湖北省咸宁市农业科学院,湖北咸宁437000

出　　处：《大麦与谷类科学》2020年第4期1-6,共6页Barley and Cereal Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0100100)。

摘　　要：从20世纪70年代开始杂交水稻研究以来,取得了一系列的成果,但亦出现杂交种的育种产量持续徘徊不前的局面,两系法、三系法杂交种产量相当。分析原因,有下面几个方面:三系杂交稻技术路线上限制于核质互作配套机制要求有选择性地使用亲本而形成两大杂种优势群,多年来较少补充优质的种质资源,杂种优势群内遗传基础不丰富;两系杂交稻的杂种优势来源没有突破三系杂交稻杂种优势形成模式;杂交稻的杂种优势群内种质创新及杂种优势群理论创新研究乏善可陈。本文从生物技术应用、水稻远缘杂交研究、育种研究力量整合等方面就杂交水稻育种未来发展进行了探讨。Hybrid rice research started in the 1970s;to date,it has made significant achievements.However,the yields of rice hybrids remain stagnant,and the yields of two-line and three-line hybrids are almost equal.The reasons are as follows.First,the technical route of three-line hybrid rice is limited by the mechanism of nuclear-cytoplasm interaction,which requires the selective use of parents to form two major heterosis groups.Unfortunately,for many years,the two heterosis groups have been rarely supplemented with high-quality germplasm resources;consequently,their genetic diversities are not high.Second,the sources of the heterosis of two-line hybrid rice still rely on those of the heterosis of three-line hybrid rice.Third,no remarkable progress has been made in the research on germplasm innovation and theoretical innovation of heterosis groups in rice.Aiming to solve these problems,this paper discusses the future development of hybrid rice breeding in the aspects of biotechnology application,rice distant hybridization research,and integration of resources in breeding research.

关 键 词：两系杂交稻 三系杂交稻 恢复系 保持系 水稻杂种优势 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]