2016-2019年某医院护理人员血源性职业接触调查  

Investigation on occupational blood exposure of nurses in a hospital in 2016-2019

作　　者：冀志红 陈勇[1] 王浩[1] JI Zhi-hong;CHEN Yong;WANG Hao(The first Affiliated Hospitalof Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院附属第一医院,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2020年第5期372-374,378,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：河北省卫健委2020年度科研计划项目(20202160)。

摘　　要：目的调查某医院2016—2019年护理人员的血源性职业接触情况,旨在提出干预措施。方法采用问卷调查的方式调查212例血源性职业接触护士的一般资料、血源性职业接触特征及职业接触防护知识、行为,总结干预措施并评价干预前后护理人员的职业防护知识得分及防护行为得分。结果 212例血源性职业接触护士中,科室分布占比由高到低为外科(46.7%)、内科(22.1%)手术科室(18.4%)、妇产科(7.1%)、医技科室(5.7%)、血透室(5.7%);职业接触环节以注射穿刺(38.7%)、拔针(14.6%)、器械传递(14.6%)、器械整理(10.4%)、器械清理(10.4%)多见;病原体以乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)病毒(58.0%)居多,其次为丙型肝炎(27.8%)、HIV病毒(5.7%);暴露部位以手部为主(94.3%),其中以手指占比最高,占75.9%。干预后,护理人员的职业防护知识与行为评分均较干预前明显提高(P<0.05)。结论医院护理人员具有较高的血源性职业接触风险,以外科、针刺伤、手部暴露风险较高。建立健全护理人员血源性职业接触风险管理体系,规范关键操作规程对预防职业接触并降低暴露危害有重要价值。Objective To investigate the occupational blood exposure of nurses in a hospital from 2016 to 2019,in order to propose intervention measures. Methods Questionnaire survey was used to investigate the general information,characteristics of occupational blood exposure,knowledge and behavior on occupational contact protection among 212 nurses. The intervention measures were summarized and the scores of occupational protection knowledge and protection behavior of nurses before and after the intervention were evaluated. Results Among the 212 blood-borne occupational contact nurses,the proportion of departments was listed as follows from high to low:surgery(46.7%),internal medicine(22.1%),surgery(18.4%),obstetrics and gynecology(7.1%),medical technology(5.7%)and hemodialysis(5.7%). More common ways of the occupational blood contact were puncture by injection(38.7%),needle extraction(14.6%),instrument transmission(14.6%),instrument arrangement(10.4%)and instrument cleaning(10.4%). The majority of pathogens were hepatitis b virus(58.0%),followed by hepatitis c virus(27.8%)and HIV virus(5.7%). The exposed parts were mainly the hands(94.3%),among which the fingers were accounted for the highest proportion(75.9%). After intervention,the scores of occupational protection knowledge and behavior of nursing staff were significantly improved compared with those before intervention(P<0.05). Conclusions Hospital nurses have a higher risk of blood-borne occupational exposure,and the risk factors are working in surgery department,needle stab injury and hand exposure. Establishing and perfecting the risk management system of nurses’ blood-borne occupational exposure and standardizing the key operating procedures are of great value to prevent occupational exposure and reduce the harm of exposure.

关 键 词：职业接触 血源性 护理人员 干预 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]